【正文】 nd electrical integration and intelligentization provides important technical foundation.2. 現(xiàn)代電力電子的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域2. The application field of modern power electronics 計(jì)算機(jī)高效率綠色電源 puter efficient green power supply高速發(fā)展的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)帶領(lǐng)人類進(jìn)入了信息社會,同時也促進(jìn)了電源技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展。八十年代,計(jì)算機(jī)全面采用了開關(guān)電源,率先完成計(jì)算機(jī)電源換代。接著開關(guān)電源技術(shù)相繼進(jìn)人了電子、電器設(shè)備領(lǐng)域。Rapid development of puter technology bring human into the information society, but also promoted the rapid development of power technology. In the eighty s, the puter fully used the switching power supply, take the lead in plete machine power generation. Then switch power technology successively in the area of electronics, electrical equipment.計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,提出綠色電腦和綠色電源。綠色電腦泛指對環(huán)境無害的個人電腦和相關(guān)產(chǎn)品，綠色電源系指與綠色電腦相關(guān)的高效省電電源,根據(jù)美國環(huán)境保護(hù)署l992年6月17日“能源之星計(jì)劃規(guī)定,桌上型個人電腦或相關(guān)的外圍設(shè)備,在睡眠狀態(tài)下的耗電量若小于30瓦,就符合綠色電腦的要求,提高電源效率是降低電源消耗的根本途徑。就目前效率為75%的200瓦開關(guān)電源而言,電源自身要消耗50瓦的能源。The development of puter technology, the puter put forward green and green power supply. Green puter refers to personal puters and related products is harmless to the environment, green power refers to the green puter related efficiently save electricity power supply, according to the . environmental protection agency (epa) in l992 on June 17, energy star program, desktop personal puters or related peripheral equipment, the power consumption in the sleep state, if less than 30 watts, accord with the requirement of green puter, improve the efficiency of power supply is the fundamental way to reduce the consumption of power. Current efficiency is 75% of 200 w switching power supply, power supply itself consumes 50 watts of energy. 通信用高頻開關(guān)電源 munication of high frequency switching power supply通信業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展極大的推動了通信電源的發(fā)展。高頻小型化的開關(guān)電源及其技術(shù)已成為現(xiàn)代通信供電系統(tǒng)的主流。在通信領(lǐng)域中,通常將整流器稱為一次電源,而將直流直流(DC/DC)變換器稱為二次電源。一次電源的作用是將單相或三相交流電網(wǎng)變換成標(biāo)稱值為48V的直流電源。目前在程控交換機(jī)用的一次電源中,傳統(tǒng)的相控式穩(wěn)壓電源己被高頻開關(guān)電源取代,高頻開關(guān)電源(也稱為開關(guān)型整流器SMR)通過MOSFET或IGBT的高頻工作,開關(guān)頻率一般控制在50100kHz范圍內(nèi),實(shí)現(xiàn)高效率和小型化。近幾年,開關(guān)整流器的功率容量不斷擴(kuò)大,單機(jī)容量己從48V/、48V/20A擴(kuò)大到48V/200A、48V/400A。Telemunication industry has been heavily promoted by the rapid development of the development of munication power supply. Highfrequency miniaturization of switch power supply and its technology has bee the mainstream of modern munication power supply system. In the field of munication, often will be called a rectifier power supply, and DC DC (DC/DC) converter referred to as the secondary power supply. Is the role of a power singlephase or threephase ac power grid transformation into a nominal value of 48 v dc power supply. In SPC exchange with a power supply at present, the traditional phased type regulated power supply has replaced by the high frequency switching power supply, highfrequency switching power supply (also known as switch mode rectifier SMR) by MOSFET and IGBT high frequency work, general control switch frequency in 50100 KHZ range, to achieve high efficiency and miniaturization. Expands unceasingly in recent years, the power switch rectifier capacity, capacity of f from 48 v / A 48 v / 20 A, extended to the 48 v / 200 A, 48 v / 400 A.因通信設(shè)備中所用集成電路的種類繁多,其電源電壓也各不相同,在通信供電系統(tǒng)中采用高功率密度的高頻DCDC隔離電源模塊,從中間母線電壓(一般為48V直流)變換成所需的各種直流電壓,這樣可大大減小損耗、方便維護(hù),且安裝、增加非常方便。一般都可直接裝在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)控制板上,對二次電源的要求是高功率密度。因通信容量的不斷增加,通信電源容量也將不斷增加。Because there are many types of integrated circuit used in munication equipment, the power supply voltage is also each are not identical, in the munication power supply system with high power density of the high frequency DC DC isolation power supply module, from the middle busbar voltage (generally of 48 v DC) into the various DC voltages, it can greatly reduce the loss, convenient maintenance, and installation, increase is very convenient. Generally can be directly mounted in the standard control panel, the secondary power supply requirements is high power density. Because of munication increasing, the capacity of munication power supply capacity will also continue to increase. 直流直流(DC/DC)變換器 DC DC converter (DC/DC)DC/DC變換器將一個固定的直流電壓變換為可變的直流電壓,這種技術(shù)被廣泛應(yīng)用于無軌電車、地鐵列車、電動車的無級變速和控制,同時使上述控制獲得加速平穩(wěn)、快速響應(yīng)的性能,并同時收到節(jié)約電能的效果。用直流斬波器代替變阻器可節(jié)約電能(20~30)%。直流斬波器不僅能起調(diào)壓的作用(開關(guān)電源), 同時還能起到有效地抑制電網(wǎng)側(cè)諧波電流噪聲的作用。DC/DC converter to a fixed DC voltage transformation as a variable DC voltage, this technology has been widely applied in the trolley buses, subways, trains, stepless variable speed and control of electric vehicle, and to make the control to obtain smooth acceleration and fast response performance, and at the same time receive electrical energy saving effect. Use the dc chopper instead rheostat can save electric energy (20 ~ 30) %. Dc chopper can not only ACTS as voltage regulation (switching power supply), but also can effectively inhibit the action of the grid side harmonic current noise.通信電源的二次電源DC/DC變換器已商品化,模塊采用高頻PWM技術(shù),開關(guān)頻率在500kHz左右,功率密度為5W~20W/in3。隨著大規(guī)模集成電路的發(fā)展,要求電源模塊實(shí)現(xiàn)小型化,因此就要不斷提高開關(guān)頻率和采用新的電路拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),目前已有一些公司研制生產(chǎn)了采用零電流開關(guān)和零電壓開關(guān)技術(shù)的二次電源模塊,功率密度有較大幅度的提高。Communication power supply in the secondary power supply DC/DC converter has been mercialized, modules using high frequency PWM technology, switching frequency about 500 KHZ, the power density of 5 w to 20 w/in3. With the development of large scale integrated circuit, power supply module to realize miniaturization, thus will improve the switch frequency and using the new circuit topology, there are some of the pany development and production with zero current switch and zero voltage switching technology of secondary power supply module, power density is greatly improved. 不間斷電源(UPS) uninterruptible power supply (UPS)不間斷電源(UPS)是計(jì)算機(jī)、通信系統(tǒng)以及要求提供不能中斷場合所必須的一種高可靠、高性能的電源。交流市電輸入經(jīng)整流器變成直流,一部分能量給蓄電池組充電,另一部分能量經(jīng)逆變器變成交流,經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)送到負(fù)載。為了在逆變器故障時仍能向負(fù)載提供能量,另一路備用電源通過電源轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)來實(shí)現(xiàn)。Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is a puter and munications systems and required to provide necessary occasions could not interrupt a high reliable, high performance power supply. Ac mains input into dc rectifier, part of the energy to the battery charging, the another part of the energy to ac inverter, the switch to the load. For the inverter failure can still