【正文】 p, or處于監(jiān)護(hù)之中，或(b) an infant, or為成年人，或(c) mentally ill or defective, or有精神疾病或精神缺陷者，或(d) intoxicated. 醉酒者。167。13. Persons Affected by Guardianship受監(jiān)護(hù)的人 A person has no capacity to incur contractual duties if his property is under guardianship by reason of an adjudication of mental illness or defect. 如果一個(gè)人由于被判決存在精神疾病或精神缺陷，其財(cái)產(chǎn)處于監(jiān)管之中，則該人沒(méi)有創(chuàng)設(shè)合同義務(wù)的行為能力。167。14. Infants未成年人Unless a statute provides otherwise , a natual person has the capacity to incur only voidable contractual duties until the beginning of the day before the person’s eighteenth birthday.除非法令另有規(guī)定，自然人在18 歲生日之前只具有創(chuàng)設(shè)可撤消合同義務(wù)的行為能力。167。15. Mental Illness or Defect有精神病或精神缺陷的人(1) A person incurs only voidable contractual duties by entering into a transaction if by reason of mental illness or defect在下列情況下，一個(gè)存在精神疾病或精神缺陷的人，在從事交易活動(dòng)時(shí)所創(chuàng)設(shè)的合同義務(wù)是可以撤消的：(a) he is unable to understand in a reasonable manner the nature and consequences of the transaction, or他不能以正常方式理解此項(xiàng)交易的性質(zhì)以及會(huì)產(chǎn)生的后果，或者(b) he is unable to act in a reasonable manner in relation to the transaction and the other party has reson to know of his condition.他不能像正常人那樣從事此項(xiàng)交易，并且交易的相對(duì)方有合理的理由知道這一事實(shí)。(2) Where the contract is made on fair terms and the other party is without knowledge of the mental illness or defect, the power of a voidance under Subsection (1) terminates to the extent that the contract has been so preformed in whole or in part or the circumstances have so changed that a voidance would be unjust. In such a case a court may grant relief as justice requires. 如果合同的締結(jié)是基于公平的條款，并且他方當(dāng)事人不知道該締約人患有 精神疾病或存在精神缺陷，那么，如果該合同已經(jīng)被全部或部分地履行或者情勢(shì)變更，以至撤消該合同有失公平，則在(1)小節(jié)中所規(guī)定的撤消權(quán)不再適用。在這種情況下，法院可以依公平正義之需判決給與當(dāng)事人救濟(jì)。167。16. Intoxicate Persons醉酒的人A person incurs only voidable contractual duties by entering into a transaction if the other party has reason to know that by reason of intoxication如果締約他方當(dāng)事人有合理的理由知道一方當(dāng)事人由于醉酒存在下列情況，則該當(dāng)事人在從事交易活動(dòng)時(shí)所創(chuàng)設(shè)的合同義務(wù)是可以撤消的。(a) he is unable to understand in a reasonable manner the nature and consequences of the transaction, or他不能以正常方式理解此項(xiàng)交易的性質(zhì)以及會(huì)產(chǎn)生的后果，或者(b) he is unable to act in a reasonable manner in relation to the transaction, 他不能像正常人那樣從事此項(xiàng)交易。Chapter 3 FORMATION OF CONTRACTSMUTUAL ASSENT第三章 合同的訂立——意思表示一致TOPIC 1. IN GENRERAL主題一 一般規(guī)定167。17. Requirement of a Bargain交易磋商的條件(1) Except as stated in Subsection (2), the formation of a contract requires a bargain in which there is a manifestation of mutual assent to the exchange an d a consideration.除(2)小節(jié)的規(guī)定外，合同的訂立要求當(dāng)事人就允諾與允諾、允諾與義務(wù)履行、以及義務(wù)履行之間的交換和約因意思表示一致。(2) Whether or not there is a bargain a contract may be formed under special rules applicable to formal contracts or under the rules stated in 167。167。8294.合同可以依據(jù)適用于正式合同中的特殊規(guī)則或依據(jù)167。167。8294 中的規(guī)則訂立，不管有沒(méi)有交易磋商。TOPIC 2, MANIFESTATION OF ASSENT IN GERNERAL主題二 意思表示的一般條款167。18. Manifestation of Mutual Assent意思表示一致Manifestation of mutual assent to an exchange requires that each party make a promise or begin or render a performance. 對(duì)一個(gè)交換作出一致的意思表示要求各方當(dāng)事人作出允諾或開(kāi)始或?qū)嵤┮豁?xiàng)義務(wù)履行。167。19. Conduct as Manifestation of Assent依意思表示實(shí)施的行為(1) The manifestation of assent may be made wholly or partly by written or spoken words or by other acts or by failure to act.意思表示可以完全或部分地通過(guò)書(shū)面或口頭、或其他作為或不作為作出。(2) The conduct of a party is not effective as a manifestation of his assent unless he intends to engage in the conduct and knows or has reason to know that the other party may infer from his conduct that he assents.一方當(dāng)事人以行為作出的意思表示是無(wú)效的，除非他有意實(shí)施這一行為，并且知道或有理由知道他方當(dāng)事人可以從他的行為中推斷出他有此締約意思。(3) The conduct of a party may manifest assent even though he does not in fact assent. In such cases a resulting contract may be voidable because of fraud, mistake, or other invalidation cause.一方當(dāng)事人的行為可以作為意思表示，雖然事實(shí)上他并沒(méi)有此締約意思。在這種情況下所締結(jié)的合同可以基于欺詐、錯(cuò)誤或其他無(wú)效的理由被撤消。167。20. EFFECT OF MISUNDERSTANDING誤解的效力 (1) There is no manifestation of mutual assent to an exchange if the parties attach materially different meanings to their manifestations and如果當(dāng)事人就他們的意思表示賦予了實(shí)質(zhì)上不同的理解，并且有如下情況存在時(shí)，則表明他們就磋商的交換沒(méi)有達(dá)成一致：(a) neither party knows or has reason to know the meaning attached by the other。 or雙方當(dāng)事人任一方都不知道或沒(méi)有理由知道對(duì)方的意思表示所賦予的含義；或(b) each party knows or each party has reason to know the meaning attached by the other.任一當(dāng)事方知道或有理由知道對(duì)方的意思表示所賦予的含義。(2) The manifestations of the parties are operative in accordance with the meaning attached to them by one of the parties if一方當(dāng)事人可以依據(jù)該意思表示所指的含義執(zhí)行該意思表示，如果(a) that party does not know of any different meaning attached by the other, and the other knows the meaning attached by the first party。 or該當(dāng)事人不知道另一方當(dāng)事人所指的不同含義，而另一方當(dāng)事人知道第一方 當(dāng)事人所指的含義。(b) that party has no reason to know of any different meaning attached by the other, and the other has reason to know the meaning attached by the first party.該當(dāng)事人沒(méi)有理由知道另一方當(dāng)事人所指的不同含義， 而另一方當(dāng)事人有理由知道第一方當(dāng)事人所指的含義。167。21. INTENTION TO BE LEGALLY BOUND具有法律拘束力的意圖Neither real nor apparent intention that a promise be legally binding is essential to the formation of a contract, but a manifestation of intention that a promise shall not affect legal relations may prevent the formation of a contract.當(dāng)事人有關(guān)允諾具有法律拘束力的意圖無(wú)論是真實(shí)的還是表面的，對(duì)于合同的締結(jié)并不重要，但是如果當(dāng)事人作出允諾并不影響當(dāng)事人法律關(guān)系的意思表示，則當(dāng)事人之間的合同并不成立。167。22. Mode of Assent: Offer and Acceptance合意的模式： 要約與承諾(1) The manifestation of mutual assent to an exchange ordinarily takes the form of an offer or proposal by one party followed by an acceptance by the other party or parties.雙方當(dāng)事人就交換達(dá)成合意的意思表示通常是由一方當(dāng)事人提出要約或提議，然后由另一方當(dāng)事人或另一方多數(shù)當(dāng)事人作出承諾。(2) A manifestation of mutual assent may be made even though neither offer nor acceptance can be identified and even though the moment of formation cannot be determined. 即使要約和承諾都無(wú)法被識(shí)別，并且合同成立的時(shí)間也無(wú)法確定，雙方當(dāng)事人也可以作出合意的意思表示。167。23. Necessity That Manifestation Have Reference to Each Other作出意思表示應(yīng)相互參考的必要性It is essential to a bargain that each party manifest assent with reference to the manifestation of the other.任何當(dāng)事人作出意思表示都應(yīng)參考對(duì)方的意思表示，這一點(diǎn)對(duì)交易磋商很重要。TOPIC