【正文】 n a timely manner in order to maintain and improve the anization39。s performance. NOTE For more information on risk management, see ISO 31000. 組織的環(huán)境 組織的環(huán)境將會經(jīng)常經(jīng)歷變化，無論其規(guī)模（大或小），他的活動和產(chǎn)品，或其類別（營利或非營利）；因此應(yīng)當(dāng) 持續(xù)監(jiān)測組織的環(huán)境。這樣的檢測確保組織能夠識別、評估和管理與利益相關(guān)方有關(guān)的風(fēng)險，和其變化的要求和期望。最高管理者 應(yīng)當(dāng) 定期就組織的改變和創(chuàng)新做出決定，以保持和提升組織的業(yè)績。 注：有關(guān)風(fēng)險管理的更多信息請參閱 ISO31000 Interested parties, needs and expectations Interested parties are individuals and other entities that add value to the anization, or are otherwise interested in, or affected by, the activities of the anization. Meeting the needs and expectations of interested parties contributes to the achievement of sustained success by the anization. In addition, the needs and expectations of individual interested parties are different, can be in conflict with those of other interested parties, or can change very quickly. The means by which the needs and expectations of interested parties are expressed and met can take a wide variety of forms, including collaboration, cooperation, negotiation, outsourcing, or by terminating an activity. Table 1 — Examples of interested parties and their needs and expectations Interested party Needs and expectations Customers Quality, price and delivery performance of products JMMC 廣州簡捷企業(yè)管理顧問有限公司 高級認(rèn)證咨詢師 包志勇 聯(lián)系電話： 13826038364 郵箱： Owners/shareholders Sustained profitability Transparency People in the anization Good work environment Job security Recognition and reward Suppliers and partners Mutual benefits and continuity Society Environmental protection Ethical behaviour Compliance with statutory and regulatory requirements NOTE Although most anizations use similar descriptions for their interested parties (. customers, owners/shareholders, suppliers and partners, people in the anization), the position of those categories can differ significantly over time and between anizations, industries, nations and cultures. 4． 4利益相關(guān)方，需求和期望 利益相關(guān)方是為組織帶來利益的一些個人或者實體，或者對組織感興趣，或者受到組織活動的影響。滿足其要求和期望有助于實現(xiàn)組織的持續(xù)成功 單個的利益相關(guān)方的要求和期望是不同的并可能與其他利益相關(guān)方的要求和期望相矛盾，或者迅速改變。為了使相關(guān)方的要求和期望得到表達(dá)和滿足，組織可以采取非常廣泛的形式包括 協(xié)作，合作，談判，外包，或終止活動 。 5 Strategy and policy General To achieve sustained success, top management should establish and maintain a mission, a vision and values for the anization. These should be clearly understood, accepted and supported by people in the anization and, as appropriate, by other interested parties. NOTE In this International Standard, a “mission” is a description of why the anization exists, and a “vision” describes its desired state, . what the anization wants to be and how it wants to be seen by its interested parties. 5 戰(zhàn)略和政策 為獲得持續(xù)成功，最高管理者 應(yīng)當(dāng) 為組織建立并保持一個使命、一個愿景和價值觀。它們 應(yīng)當(dāng) 被清楚的理解、接受、并受到組織成員的支持。受到其他利益相關(guān)方的認(rèn)可。 注：在本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，使命是指組織為什么存在，愿景是描述希望達(dá)到的狀態(tài)，例如組織想要做什么，希望被利益相關(guān)方視作什么。 Strategy and policy formulation Top management should set out the anization39。s strategy and policies clearly, in order to get the mission,vision and values accepted and supported by its interested parties. The anization39。s environment should be regularly monitored to determine if there is a need to review and (when appropriate) revise the strategy andpolicies. In order to establish, adopt and sustain an effective strategy and policy, the anization should have processes to?continually monitor and regularly analyse the aniz ation39。s environment, including its customers39。 needs and expectations, the petitive situation, new technologies, political changes, economic forecasts, or sociological factors, ??identify and determine the needs and expectations of other interested parties, ??assess its current process capabilities and resources, ??identify future resource and technology needs, ??update its strategy and policies, and ??identify the outputs necessary to meet the needs and expectations of the interested parties. These processes should be established in a timely manner, with any necessary plans and resources being provided to support them. JMMC 廣州簡捷企業(yè)管理顧問有限公司 高級認(rèn)證咨詢師 包志勇 聯(lián)系電話： 13826038364 郵箱： The formulation of an anization39。s strategy should also consider activities such as analyses of customer or regulatory demands, its products, its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. A defined process should exist for the formulation and review of the anization39。s strategy. NOTE A “strategy” means a logically structured plan or method for achieving objectives, especially over a long period of time. 戰(zhàn)略和政策制定 最高管理者應(yīng)當(dāng)清楚的展示組織的戰(zhàn)略和政策，以確保其使命、愿景和價值觀得到利益相關(guān)方的接受和支持。組織應(yīng)當(dāng)定期檢測其環(huán)境以確定是否需要評審（適當(dāng)時）修訂其戰(zhàn)略和政策。 為了建立， 采納 和 保持 一個有效的戰(zhàn)略和政策 ，組織應(yīng)當(dāng)建立過程持續(xù)監(jiān)測并定期分析組織的環(huán)境，包括其顧客的需求和期望，競爭形勢，新技術(shù)，政策變化，經(jīng)濟前景或者社會學(xué)因素 。 識別和確定其他利益相關(guān)方的需求和期望 評估當(dāng)前的過程能力和資源 識別未來的資源和技術(shù)需求 更新政策和戰(zhàn)略 識別滿足利益相關(guān)方需求和期望的必要輸出 這些 過 程應(yīng)當(dāng)及時建立，并附有必要的計劃和資源 以 提供支持。 組織制定戰(zhàn)略和政策還應(yīng)當(dāng) 考慮諸如分析顧客或者規(guī)則的要求，其產(chǎn)品、其優(yōu)勢弱點機會威脅。應(yīng)當(dāng)建立過程以制定和評審組織的戰(zhàn)略和政策。 注：戰(zhàn)略是指實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，特別是長期目標(biāo)所需的計劃或者方法的有機結(jié)合體。 Strategy and policy deployment General To implement a strategy and policies for sustained success, the anization should establish and maintain processes and practices that ?translate its strategy and policies into measurable objectives for all relevant levels of the anization, as appropriate,?establish timelines for each objective and assign responsibility and authority for achieving the objective,?evaluate strategic risks and define adequate counter measures,?provide the resources required to deploy needed activities, and?execute the activities needed to achieve these objectives. 戰(zhàn)略和政策部署 為了實施持續(xù)成功的戰(zhàn)略和政策，組織應(yīng)建立并保持過程和 做法 將戰(zhàn)略和政策在組織的各個層級上轉(zhuǎn)化成可度量的目標(biāo)。適當(dāng)時為每個目標(biāo)設(shè)定時間限制、職責(zé)和權(quán)力的分配。評估戰(zhàn)略風(fēng)險建立適當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)對措施，提供部署必要活動所需的資源，執(zhí)行這些實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)所需的活動 Processes and practices In order to ensure that its processes and practices are effective and efficient, the anization should perform activities for?anticipating any potential conflicts arising from the different needs and expecta