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d away and the location of hybridized probe is examined. ? The technique enables the spatial localization of gene expression to be determined as well as the location of individual genes on chromosomes. b c d a Fig. 5 GISH images of chromosomes of tetraploid and diploid Festulolium progenies. The DNA of L. perenne was used as probe, and shown as blue color. The chromosomes of F. pratensis were shown as pale blue color. Translocation breakpoints are indicated in a and c by arrows. (a) Bx350184, a 28chromosome genome with at least 14 intergeneric translocations, some of which have two breakpoints in an arm (arrows). Bar: 10 μm. (b) Bx351160, a 28chromosome genome with intergeneric translocations. Bar: 20 μm. (c) Bx350177 with fertile pollen, a 28chromosome genome prising approximately equal amount of Lolium and Festuca DNA with 9 intergeneric translocations, some of which have two breakpoints in an arm (arrows). Bar: 20 μm. (d) Prior57, a 14chromosome genome with intergeneric translocations. Bar: 10 μm. Guo et al. 2022 RFLP標(biāo)記: 限制性片段長度多態(tài)性 RFLP指應(yīng)用特定的 核酸內(nèi)切酶 切割有關(guān)的 DNA分子所產(chǎn)生的 DNA片段在長度上的變化。 包括基因組 DNA限制性酶切, Southern印記,DNA探針制備,同位素 /非同位素標(biāo)記, DNA分子雜交等步驟。 生物能快速、精確地復(fù)制自身的 DNA,但這種精確性是相對的。實際上,在植物的自然群體中存在大量的 DNA序列變異。如:堿基對的代換、缺失等。幾乎不可能有兩個生物體 DNA的堿基序列是相同的。 限制性內(nèi)切酶酶解 DNA長鏈,是識別 DNA上的特異的位點并在這些位點上切斷的過程。酶識別位點堿基對 越少 , DNA分子中被識別的位點 越多 ,所產(chǎn)生的限制片段 越短 。 來自一個完整的純合子的個體的每一種同源DNA分子,都會在同樣的位點被準(zhǔn)確切割。但是在不同物種、不同品種、甚至同一品種的不同的兩個個體之間, DNA會發(fā)生變異,其中有些變異導(dǎo)致了限制性酶切位點的更動,從而產(chǎn)生了 限制片段長度 的 多態(tài)性 。 用限制性酶來酶解植物核 DNA會產(chǎn)生數(shù)萬個片段,其大小變化是連續(xù)的,