【正文】 information systems(GIS), land management ,putersystems, environmental visualization and puter graphics.（這個(gè)廣泛的術(shù)語(yǔ)應(yīng)用于科學(xué)和技術(shù)，以及制圖、大地測(cè)量學(xué)、衛(wèi)星定位、攝影測(cè)量學(xué)、遙感、地理信息系統(tǒng)、土地管理、計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)、環(huán)境可視化和計(jì)算機(jī)制圖等領(lǐng)域）Several terms such as “geomatics” ,“geomatic engineering,” and “geoinformatics” are now inmon use pertaining to activities generally concerned with geographic information.（現(xiàn)在一些術(shù)語(yǔ)如“測(cè)繪學(xué)”，“測(cè)繪工程”和“地學(xué)信息學(xué)”共同應(yīng)用于某些活動(dòng)中―――專屬于【pertain to】通?！緂enerally】涉及【concern with】地理信息的活動(dòng)。）These terms have been adopted primarily to represent the general approach that geographic informationis collected, managed, and applied. （這些術(shù)語(yǔ)起初被采用用來(lái)表示地理信息的采集、管理和應(yīng)用的總體的方法。）Along with land surveying, photogrammetry, remote sensing, and cartography, GIS is an importantponent of geomatics. （連同土地測(cè)量學(xué)，攝影測(cè)量學(xué)，遙感和制圖學(xué)一起，GIS 也是測(cè)繪學(xué)中重要的一個(gè)組成部分。）Branches of Geomatics（測(cè)繪學(xué)分支）Data acquisition techniques include field surveying, global positioning system(GPS), satellitepositioning, and remotely sensed imagery obtained through aerial photography and satellite imagery.（數(shù)據(jù)獲取技術(shù)包括普通野外測(cè)量，GPS 測(cè)量，衛(wèi)星定位和遙感圖像獲取，通過(guò)航空攝影和衛(wèi)星成像）It also includes the acquisition of database material scanned from older maps and plans and datacollected by related agencies.（它還包括數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)資料的獲取――通過(guò)掃描就有地圖和設(shè)計(jì)圖，還有有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)收集的數(shù)據(jù)。）Data management and process are handled through the use of puter programs for engineering design,digital photogrammetry, image analysis, relational data base management, and geographic informationsystems (GIS). （通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)程序，數(shù)據(jù)管理和處理 應(yīng)用于工程設(shè)計(jì)，數(shù)字?jǐn)z影測(cè)量【digital photogrammetry】，圖像分析，相關(guān)資料庫(kù)的管理和 GIS。）Data plotting(presentation) is handled through the use of mapping and other illustrative puterprograms。 the presentations are displayed on puter screens(where interactive editing can occur)and are output on paper from digital plotting devices.（數(shù)據(jù)成圖【數(shù)字成圖】是通過(guò)制圖和其他直觀的計(jì)算機(jī)程序【illustrative 直觀的、說(shuō)明性的】進(jìn)行的；其表達(dá)顯示在計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕上（交互式編輯處理），也可以通過(guò)數(shù)字繪圖儀輸出到紙上。【handle 操作、處理】）Once the positions and attributes of geographic entities have been digitized and stored in putermemory, they are available for use by a wide variety of users.（一旦地理實(shí)體的位置和屬性被數(shù)字化并被存儲(chǔ)進(jìn)計(jì)算機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器，就可以有效的【available 有效的、可用的】為廣泛的各種的使用者所用）Through the use of modern information technology(IT), geomatics brings together professionals in thefollowing disciplines: surveying, mapping, remote sensing, land registration, civil and marineengineering, forestry, agriculture, planning and development,geology, geographical sciences,infrastructure management, navigation, environmental and natural resources monitoring, and puterscience.（通過(guò)現(xiàn)代【估計(jì) moderm 應(yīng)該是 modern】信息技術(shù)，測(cè)繪學(xué)將以下學(xué)科的專業(yè)人員整合到一起：測(cè)量學(xué)、制圖學(xué)、遙感、國(guó)土注冊(cè)、土木【civil 民用的】工程和海洋工程，林業(yè)，農(nóng)業(yè)，決策與發(fā)展，地質(zhì)學(xué)，地理科學(xué)，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施【infrastructure】管理，導(dǎo)航，環(huán)境與自然資源監(jiān)測(cè)和計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)。）Other Definitions of Geomatics（測(cè)繪學(xué)的其他定義）As defined by the Canadian Institute of Geomatics in their quarterly journal “Geomatica”:Geomatics is a field of activities which, using a systemic approach, integrates all the means usedto acquire and manage spatial data required as part of scientific, administrative, legal and technicaloperations【業(yè)務(wù)】 involved in the process of the production and management of spatial information.（加拿大測(cè)量學(xué)會(huì)【Canadian Institute of Geomatics】在他們的季刊“地球空間信息學(xué)”中這樣定義：測(cè)繪學(xué)是利用系統(tǒng)的方法，為生產(chǎn)和處理【management】科學(xué)的，行政的，法律的【legal】和技術(shù)的業(yè)務(wù)【operations】所需的空間信息，將所有獲取和管理空間信息的方法【means】整合在一起的活動(dòng)領(lǐng)域。）【as part of 作為……的一部分，這里不翻譯出來(lái)】The definition of Geomatics is evolving. A working definition might be “the art, science andtechnologies related to the management of geographicallyreferenced information.” Geomatics includesa wide range of activities, from the acquisition and analysis of sitespecific spatial data inengineering and development surveys to the application of GIS and remote sensing technologies inenvironmental management. It includes cadastral surveying, hydrographic surveying, and ocean mapping,and it plays an important role in land administration and land use management .（測(cè)繪學(xué)定義在發(fā)展?，F(xiàn)行的一個(gè)定義是“涉及工藝、科學(xué)和技術(shù)的地理信息的處理”。測(cè)繪學(xué)或地球空間信息學(xué)包括一個(gè)廣泛的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)――從工程學(xué)和發(fā)展了的測(cè)量學(xué)領(lǐng)域中特殊點(diǎn)的空間數(shù)據(jù)的獲取和分析 到 GIS 和遙感技術(shù)在環(huán)境管理中的應(yīng)用。它包括地籍測(cè)量、水道測(cè)量和海圖測(cè)量，在土地管理和土地使用中扮演重要的角色。）Geomatics is the modern scientific term referring to the integrated approach of measurement, analysis,management, storage and display of the descriptions and location of Earthbased data, often termedspatial data. These data e from many sources, including earth orbiting satellites, air and seabornesensors and ground based instruments. It is processed and manipulated with stateoftheart informationtechnology using puter software and hardware. It has applications in all disciplines which dependon spatial data, including environmental studies, planning, engineering, navigation, geology andgeophysics, oceanography, land development and land ownership and tourism. It is thus fundamental toall the geoscience disciplines which use spatially related data .（測(cè)繪學(xué)是一個(gè)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)，用以表示測(cè)量、分析、管理，存儲(chǔ)和顯示基于地球信息，經(jīng)常被稱為空間數(shù)據(jù)【often termed spatial data】數(shù)據(jù)的描述和位置的集成方法。這些數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自各種數(shù)據(jù)源，包括地球軌道衛(wèi)星，空載和艦載傳感器及地面儀器。利用計(jì)算機(jī)軟件和硬件，借助現(xiàn)代【stateoftheart】信息技術(shù)。它的應(yīng)用覆蓋所有依賴空間數(shù)據(jù)的學(xué)科，包括環(huán)境研究，規(guī)劃，工程學(xué)，導(dǎo)航，地質(zhì)和地球物理學(xué)，海洋學(xué)，土地開(kāi)發(fā)，土地經(jīng)營(yíng)和旅游學(xué)。它因而成為所有使用空間數(shù)據(jù)地球科學(xué)學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)。）[from the School of Geomatic Engineering, Univ. of New South Wales]（摘自新南威爾士大學(xué)測(cè)繪【或地球空間信息學(xué)】工程學(xué)院）Geomatics is concerned with the measurement, representation, analysis, management, retrieval anddisplay of spatial data concerning both the Earths physical features and the built environment. Theprincipal disciplines embraced by Geomatics include the mapping sciences, land management, geographicinformation systems, environmental visualization, geodesy, photogrammetry, remote sensing andsurveying.（測(cè)繪學(xué)是測(cè)量、表示，分析，處理，重獲和顯示關(guān)于地球物理特征和環(huán)境的空間數(shù)據(jù)的科學(xué)。其包括的主要學(xué)科有制圖學(xué)，土地管理，GIS，環(huán)境可視化，大地測(cè)量學(xué)，攝影測(cè)量學(xué)，遙感和測(cè)量學(xué)。）[from the Dept. of Geomatics at Univ. of Melbourne]（摘自墨爾本大學(xué)測(cè)繪學(xué)系【或者地球空間信息學(xué)系】Geomatics prises the science, engineering, and art involved in collecting and managinggeographicallyreferenced information. Geographical information plays an important role in activitiessuch as environmental monitorin