【正文】 lauses. Adverbial clauses can be put either before or after the main clauses, and the specific relationship between the main clause and the adverbial clause can be easily identified because the relationship is clearly suggested by the different word used before the adverbial clause.” [3]P563 For instance, an adverbial clause beginning with the word “when” naturally suggests time, and one with the word “because” implies cause. Compared with attributive clause, adverbial clause is generally easier to translate. In translating the English sentence into Chinese, the adverbial clauses are mostly put ahead of the main clauses in Chinese. We can look at the following sentences,(4)“Please turn off the light when you leave the room.”[4]P140In translating this sentence, we should put the adverbial clause when you leave the room before the main clause according to the mon way of expression in Chinese. Compound sentence“Compound sentences are often long sentences because a pound sentence usually includes two clauses. What, however, makes pound sentences different from other long sentences is that the two clauses in each pound sentence play an equally important role in the sentence. Compound sentences usually suggest a sequence of actions that take place one after another, and the words mostly monly used to connect the two clauses in a pound sentence are “and” and “but”.”[5]P483(5)She worked hard, but she failed in the final exam.After reading this sentence, the meaning is quite apparent to us because the structure of pound sentences is the same as that of most Chinese sentences. Naturally, in translating pound sentences, we just need to translate it without changing the structure of the original sentence. ParenthesisParenthesis is another attribution to large quantities of long sentences in English. “In an English sentence, the parenthesis can be a word, a phrase, or a sentence, and before translating the sentence we should first find out the relationship of the parenthesis with the main sentence and its function in an effort that the translated version plies with the Chinese way of expression.”[6]P612616(6) He gets up early every morning, whether it is summer or winter, to do exercises.Similarly, in translating this sentence, put the parenthesis “whether it is summer or winter” at the beginning, followed by the main sentence “He gets up early every morning to do exercises.” in English and Chinese sentence structures Difference in ways of thinkingDifferent peoples have different ways of thinking, so their languages, which are used to express people’s thoughts, are also different. “In English, results are usually given ahead of the causes, while in Chinese, causes appear before their effects. This is because Chinese people put emphasis on the natural order of the verbs according to the time the actions take place. For example, (7)Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in ，文學(xué)作品就可以寫悲劇?！盵7]P199And look at this example,(8) He began to read a book after having supper.After reading this sentence, we can identify that the action having supper takes place before the action read a book, but in the sentence, the latter is put before the former. So in translating English sentence first carefully find out the time sequence of the verbs, and then put them into Chinese according to the time sequence, as is the Chinese way of expression. Difference in the use of prepositions“ used to say: “A preposition may be defined as a connecting word showing the relation of a noun or substitute for a noun to some other word in the sentence. … Prepositions appear constantly in English speech and writing.…” Like the sentences, (9)The any colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside. 彩虹有多種顏色，外圈紅，內(nèi)圈紫?！盵8]P5051 English sentences cannot without preposition, but Chinese sentences are not use or omit preposition. Difference in relative pronounRelative pronoun is a very important part in English, but in Chinese there’re no such words as relative pronouns. Relative pronouns are frequently used in subordinate clauses, such as object subordinate clause and attributive clause. In parison, pronouns are used instead of relative pronouns. (10) She turned to Tom, who was watching TV. 她轉(zhuǎn)向湯姆，而他正在看電視。 Different orientations of Chinese English sentences“Chinese is characterized by its emphasis on meaning, while English, on the contrary, pay much more attention to structure and logic of the sentence. A reader, while reading a Chinese sentence or article, must try hard to find out its meaning, but the meaning of English sentences is much clearer because its structure makes the meaning quite clear.”[9]P53/58 (11) He stepped right in after them, like it or not, and he was determined that nothing as pretty as good manners should keep him from a chance of enlightenment. 他不管人家歡迎不歡迎， 緊跟著他們走了進(jìn)去。什么禮貌不禮貌，他顧不得這一套了。他決心不錯(cuò)過這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，把心里的問題弄明白。A detailed parison between the above two sentences will show how the English sentences, in general, differ from each other. Different relation of clauses“Another big difference between English and Chinese sentences lies in the more frequent use of clauses in English than in Chinese. The structure of an English sentence can be pared to a “grapevine”, which means that many words in a English sentence have their own clause. In contrast, the words in a typical Chinese sentence don’t have their clauses, but appear in time sequence, each playing equally important role in the Chinese sentence.”[10]P43 (12) Lily, who is a very active girl at school, bees quiet as soon as she arrives home, which makes her parents quite puzzled. 莉莉在學(xué)校里非?；钴S，但一回到家卻變得很安靜，這讓她的父母感到很迷惑。In the above English sentences, there are two attributive clauses to modify two segments in the sentence, while in the Chinese sentence, all the sentences are equally important and e one after another in time sequence. 3. Steps and methods in long English senten