【正文】
的控制。 Cultures that are used industrially generally have arisen in three stages: (1)as a research culturestudied to seek a useful produce。(2)as a development culturea research culture which has gained a measure of importance。 and(3)as a production culturea research culture that is now actually used for industrial production. 工業(yè)用菌種通常要經(jīng)過(guò)三個(gè)階段才能正式投入使用,即( 1)研究型 — 用它進(jìn)行研究來(lái)尋求有用的產(chǎn)品;( 2)開發(fā)型 — 得到了一定重視的研究型;( 3)生產(chǎn)型 — 實(shí)際投入工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的研究型。 The final culture may be the same as the original research culture but more often it will have been subjected to an array of treatments to maximize productivity. 最終培養(yǎng)物有可能 與最初的培養(yǎng)物是一樣的,但大多數(shù)都是經(jīng)受過(guò)一系列的處理來(lái)使得產(chǎn)量最大化。 The development of the industrial anism from a wild type will have required changes in its geic information that eliminate undesirable properties or even introduce entirely new ones 從野生品種中開發(fā)出工業(yè)用生物體一般都需要改變其遺傳信息,包括去 除不合需要的性質(zhì) , 甚至引入一些全新的特性。 In all aspects of biotechnology major efforts are directed to screening programmes to generate new anisms, either from some natural source or from established cultures by way of mutation or by hybridization programmes, including geic engineering. 在生物工藝學(xué)的各個(gè)研究領(lǐng)域里,努力的主要方向 是:從某些天然來(lái)源中或者利用突變及雜交的方法 , 包括遺傳工程的手段 , 從已有的培養(yǎng)物(菌種)中,利用篩選的過(guò)程來(lái)獲得新的生物體。 These anisms must b