【正文】 管理，GIS，環(huán)境可視化，大地測量學(xué)，攝影測量學(xué)，遙感和測量學(xué)。利用計(jì)算機(jī)軟件和硬件，借助現(xiàn)代【stateoftheart】信息技術(shù)。測繪學(xué)或地球空間信息學(xué)包括一個(gè)廣泛的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)――從工程學(xué)和發(fā)展了的測量學(xué)領(lǐng)域中特殊點(diǎn)的空間數(shù)據(jù)的獲取和分析 到 GIS 和遙感技術(shù)在環(huán)境管理中的應(yīng)用。【handle 操作、處理】）Once the positions and attributes of geographic entities have been digitized and stored in putermemory, they are available for use by a wide variety of users.（一旦地理實(shí)體的位置和屬性被數(shù)字化并被存儲進(jìn)計(jì)算機(jī)存儲器，就可以有效的【available 有效的、可用的】為廣泛的各種的使用者所用）Through the use of modern information technology(IT), geomatics brings together professionals in thefollowing disciplines: surveying, mapping, remote sensing, land registration, civil and marineengineering, forestry, agriculture, planning and development,geology, geographical sciences,infrastructure management, navigation, environmental and natural resources monitoring, and puterscience.（通過現(xiàn)代【估計(jì) moderm 應(yīng)該是 modern】信息技術(shù)，測繪學(xué)將以下學(xué)科的專業(yè)人員整合到一起：測量學(xué)、制圖學(xué)、遙感、國土注冊、土木【civil 民用的】工程和海洋工程，林業(yè)，農(nóng)業(yè)，決策與發(fā)展，地質(zhì)學(xué)，地理科學(xué)，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施【infrastructure】管理，導(dǎo)航，環(huán)境與自然資源監(jiān)測和計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)。）Branches of Geomatics（測繪學(xué)分支）Data acquisition techniques include field surveying, global positioning system(GPS), satellitepositioning, and remotely sensed imagery obtained through aerial photography and satellite imagery.（數(shù)據(jù)獲取技術(shù)包括普通野外測量，GPS 測量，衛(wèi)星定位和遙感圖像獲取，通過航空攝影和衛(wèi)星成像）It also includes the acquisition of database material scanned from older maps and plans and datacollected by related agencies.（它還包括數(shù)據(jù)庫資料的獲取――通過掃描就有地圖和設(shè)計(jì)圖，還有有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)收集的數(shù)據(jù)。）A working definition of geomatics, which reflects current thinking and predicted change, is:（測繪學(xué)的一個(gè)現(xiàn)在使用的反映了當(dāng)前的思想和對未來的預(yù)期的定義是：）The science and technology of acquiring, storing, processing, managing, analyzing and presentinggeographically referenced information(geospatial data ).（獲取、處理、存儲，分析和上呈【presenting呈現(xiàn)】地理參考信息（地理空間信息）的科學(xué)和技術(shù)?！緁lexibility 彈性、機(jī)動(dòng)性】）Adoption of the term also allows a coherent marketing of the profession to industry and schools ona worldwide basis. （這個(gè)術(shù)語的采用同時(shí)也在全世界范圍里為行業(yè)【industry】里和學(xué)校建立了【allow 允許了】一個(gè)一致的【coherent】專業(yè)市場）As a result, both course and award titles in the traditional Land Surveying sector at many of the world’s leading universities are being changed to “Degree in Geomatics”. （結(jié)果，世界上許多一流大學(xué)的傳統(tǒng)的測量專業(yè)【部門】的無論是課程還是授予資【授予學(xué)位名稱】格都改為“測繪學(xué)位”【Degree in Geomatics】的了）This does not suggest the demise of the term “surveyor” and graduates will still practice as landsurveyors or photogammertrists, etc. as appropriate to their specialization.（這并不意味著“surveyor”這個(gè)詞的消亡，測繪畢業(yè)生還將從事適合他們專業(yè)的【as appropriate to their specialization】土地測量員、攝影測量員及其他【ect.】的工作）In the last decade, there has been dramatic development and growth in the use of hardware and softwaresolutions to both measure and process geospatial data.（在過去的十年中，在應(yīng)用硬件和軟件的方法【solution 解決方法】來測量和處理地球空間數(shù)據(jù)工作時(shí) 有著戲劇性的發(fā)展和增長）[in the use of 在使用……時(shí)]This has created and will continue to create new areas of application, with associated job opportunitiesfor suitably qualified graduates. （創(chuàng)造并將繼續(xù)創(chuàng)造新的應(yīng)用【application】領(lǐng)域，并為合適的、合格【qualified 有資格的】的畢業(yè)生提供相關(guān)的【associated】工作。）Now the word geomatics has been adopted by several international bodies including the InternationalStandards Organization(ISO),so it is here to stay.（現(xiàn)在 geomatics 這個(gè)詞已經(jīng)被包括 ISO【國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織】在內(nèi)的數(shù)個(gè)國際機(jī)構(gòu)【international bodies】所采用，因此它就這樣被普遍接受【be here to stay 習(xí)慣用語“被普遍接受”】The term “surveyor” is traditionally used to collectively describe those engaged in the aboveactivities. （surveyor 這個(gè)詞按慣例用來總指（這換成“總稱”較好）【collectively 全體的】那些從事上述活動(dòng)的人。.. .. .. ..Uuit1 What is Geomatics? （什么是測繪學(xué)）Geomatics Defined（測繪學(xué)定義）Where does the word Geomatics e from?（Geomatics－測繪或地球空間信息學(xué)，這個(gè)名詞是怎么來的呢？）GEODESY+GEOINFORMATICS=GEOMATICS or GEO for earth and – MATICS for mathematical or GEO forGeoscience and MATICS for informatics. （大地測量學(xué)＋地理信息學(xué)＝GEOMATICS 測繪學(xué) 或者 geo 代表地球，matics 代表數(shù)學(xué)，或者 geo 代表地球科學(xué)，matics 代表信息學(xué)）It has been said that geomatics is many things to many people.（據(jù)說測繪學(xué)這個(gè)詞對不同的人有不同的理解）The term geomatics emerged first in Canada and as an academic discipline?！径禾柡竺娴木渥有揎?demand】）Increasingly critical are areas of expanding populations, appreciating land values, dwindling naturalresources, and the continuing stressing of the quality of our land, water and air from human activities.（日益增長的危機(jī)來自人口擴(kuò)張，地價(jià)上漲，資源緊縮【緊張】，還有由于人類活動(dòng)引起的土地、水、空氣質(zhì)量的持續(xù)的壓力【由人類活動(dòng)帶來的土地、水、空氣質(zhì)量的惡化】As such, geomatics bridges wide arcs from the geosciences through various engineering sciences andputer sciences to spatial planning, land development and the environmental sciences.（這樣，測繪學(xué)在地球科學(xué)，各種工程學(xué)【engineering sciences 工程學(xué)】，計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)，空間規(guī)劃，土地開發(fā)和環(huán)境科學(xué)相互之間架起了廣泛的橋梁?！浚㏕he term geomatics is a recent creation to convey the true collective and scientific nature of theserelated activities and has the flexibility to allow for the incorporation of future technologicaldevelopments in these fields.（geomatics 這個(gè)術(shù)語是個(gè)新詞，表達(dá)【convey 傳達(dá)】了實(shí)體集合和它們相關(guān)聯(lián)【related】的活動(dòng)的自然科學(xué)，并使這些領(lǐng)域的未來技術(shù)發(fā)展的結(jié)合【incorporation 結(jié)合】成為可能。）To enable graduates to take full advantage of these developments, significant changes in educationand training are required.（為了使畢業(yè)生能充分利用【take full advantage of】這些發(fā)展，教育和訓(xùn)練的重大改革【significant changes】成為必需的）Academic and professional institutions are also responding, in part, by adopting the term geomaticsboth as a course and as an award title. （學(xué)院的和專業(yè)的機(jī)構(gòu)也作出反應(yīng)，部分地，采用術(shù)語“geomatics”作為一門課程和一項(xiàng)授予資格【授予學(xué)位名稱】。）Along with land surveying, photogrammetry, remote sensing, and cartography, GIS is an importantponent of geomatics. （連同土地測量學(xué)，攝影測量學(xué)，遙感和制圖學(xué)一起，GIS 也是測繪學(xué)中重要的一個(gè)組成部分。 the presentations are displayed on puter screens(where interactive editing can occur)and are output on paper from digital plotting devices.（數(shù)據(jù)成圖【數(shù)字成圖】是通過制圖和其他直觀的計(jì)算機(jī)程序【illustrative 直觀的、說明性的】進(jìn)行的；其表達(dá)顯示在計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕上（交互式編輯處理），也可以通過數(shù)字繪圖儀輸出到紙上。現(xiàn)行的一個(gè)定義是“涉及工藝、科學(xué)和技術(shù)的地理信息的處理”。這些數(shù)據(jù)來自各種數(shù)據(jù)源，包括地球軌道衛(wèi)星，空載和艦載傳感器及地面儀器。）[from the School of Geomatic Engineering, Univ. of New South Wales]（摘自新南威爾士大學(xué)測繪【或地球空間信息學(xué)】工程學(xué)院）Geomatics is concerned with the measurement, representation, analysis, management, retrieval anddisplay of spatia