【正文】
distr ibuted contr ol system in analogue handling, loop cont rol, has begun t o r ef lect t he use of ahuge advant age. Though dist ribut ed syst em has gr eat advant ages in loop r egulat ion, but only as a m eans of continuous process contr ol. Optim izat ion of PLC is t he cor responding r elay needs was born, it s main use in t he work order cont rol, ear ly prim ar y is r eplaced relay this hulking syst em, focused on t he swit ch cont roling t he runni g or der of f unctions. Marked by t he micr opr ocessor in t he early 1970 of t he 20th cent ur y emer ged, micr o electr onics technology has developed r apidly, people soon micr oelectr onics pr ocessing technology wil be used in t he Pr ogr amm able Logical Cont roler ( that is 醫(yī)院感染管理規(guī)范 (試行 ) 第一章 總 則 第一條 為加強(qiáng)醫(yī)院感染管理,有效預(yù)防和控制醫(yī)院感染,保障醫(yī)療安全,提高醫(yī)療質(zhì)量,制定本規(guī)范。 第二條 本規(guī)范適用于中華人民共和國境內(nèi)的各級各類醫(yī)院。其它醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu),參照執(zhí)行。 第三條 各級各類醫(yī)院必須將醫(yī)院感染管理作為醫(yī)療質(zhì)量管理的重要組成部分,納入醫(yī)院管理工作。 第二章 醫(yī)院感染管理組織與職責(zé) 第一節(jié) 衛(wèi)生行政部門 第 四 條 縣以上衛(wèi)生行政部門負(fù)責(zé)對轄區(qū)醫(yī)院感染管理工作進(jìn)行監(jiān)督管理,并落 實(shí)專人兼管醫(yī)院感染的監(jiān)督管理工作。 第 五 條 衛(wèi)生部成立醫(yī)院感染管理專家咨詢委員會(huì)。醫(yī)院感染管理專家咨詢委員會(huì)成員包括醫(yī)院管理、醫(yī)院感染管理、 醫(yī) 療、護(hù)理、臨床微生物、臨床藥學(xué)、疾病控制、婦幼等方面的專家。 第 六 條 衛(wèi)生部成立的醫(yī)院感染管理專家咨詢委員會(huì)履行下列職責(zé): 一、進(jìn)行醫(yī)院感染管理的策略研究,提供咨詢意見。 二、協(xié)助衛(wèi)生部擬訂有關(guān)醫(yī)院感染管理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范。 三、協(xié)助衛(wèi)生部對全國重大醫(yī)院感染事件進(jìn)行調(diào)查、分析,提出處理建議。 四、進(jìn)行醫(yī)院感染控制的技術(shù)指導(dǎo)與研究。 五、完成衛(wèi)生部 交辦的其它相關(guān)任務(wù)。 第 七 條 省、自治區(qū)、直轄市衛(wèi)生行政部門成立?。ê灾螀^(qū)、直轄市,下同)醫(yī)院感染管理專家咨詢委員會(huì),成員包括省內(nèi)醫(yī)院管理、醫(yī)院感染管理、醫(yī)療、護(hù)理、臨床微生物、臨床藥學(xué)、疾病控制、婦幼等方面的專家。 第 八 條 省醫(yī)院感染管理專家咨詢委員會(huì)在省衛(wèi)生行政部門領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下履行下列職責(zé): 一、 結(jié)合本地實(shí)際情況,進(jìn)行醫(yī)院感染管理的策略研究,提供咨詢意見。 二、根據(jù)國家有關(guān)醫(yī)院感染管理的政策法規(guī)和規(guī)章制度,擬訂實(shí)施細(xì)則 三、對本地區(qū)的醫(yī)院感染管理工作進(jìn)行技術(shù)指導(dǎo)。 四、協(xié)助對本地區(qū)發(fā)生的醫(yī)院感染事 件進(jìn)行調(diào)查、分析,提出處理建議。 五、對本地區(qū)醫(yī)院感染管理的相關(guān)課題進(jìn)行研究 六、完成省衛(wèi)生行政部門交給的其它相關(guān)任務(wù)。 第 九 條 計(jì)劃 單列市、地(市)、縣衛(wèi)生行政部門可參照第七條、第八條成立醫(yī)院感染管理咨詢組織,履行相應(yīng)的職責(zé)。 第二節(jié) 醫(yī) 院 第 十 條 各級各類醫(yī)院必須成立醫(yī)院感染管理委員會(huì),由醫(yī)院感染管理科、醫(yī)務(wù)處(科)、門診部、護(hù)理部、臨床相關(guān)科室、檢驗(yàn)科、藥劑科、消毒供應(yīng)室、手術(shù)室、預(yù)防保健科、設(shè)備科、 后勤等科室主要負(fù)責(zé)人和抗感染藥物臨床應(yīng)用專家等組成,在院長或業(yè)務(wù)副院長領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下開展工作。委員會(huì)的主要職責(zé)是: 一、依據(jù)有關(guān)政策法規(guī),制定全院控制醫(yī)院感染規(guī)劃、管理制度,并組織實(shí)施。 二、根據(jù)《綜合醫(yī)院建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》有關(guān)衛(wèi)生學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及預(yù)防醫(yī)院感染的要求,對醫(yī)院的改建、擴(kuò)建和新建,提出建設(shè)性意見。 三、對醫(yī)院感染管理科擬定的全院醫(yī)院感染管理工作 計(jì)劃 進(jìn)行審定,對其工作進(jìn)行考評 四、建立會(huì)議制度,定期研究、協(xié)調(diào)和解 決有關(guān)醫(yī)院感染管理方面的重大事項(xiàng);遇有緊急問題隨時(shí)召開。 第十一條 各級各類醫(yī)院應(yīng)根據(jù)本院的規(guī)模、性質(zhì)設(shè)置醫(yī)院感染管理機(jī)構(gòu)或?qū)B毴藛T,由兼任醫(yī)院感染管理委員會(huì)主任的院長或副院長直接領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。 300 張床位以上的醫(yī)院設(shè)醫(yī)院感染管理科, 300 張床位以下的醫(yī)院應(yīng)配備醫(yī)院感染管理專職人員。 醫(yī)院感染管理專職人員的配備, 1000 張床位以上的大型醫(yī)院不得少于 5 人, 500 張床位以上的醫(yī)院不得少于 3人; 300— 500 張床位的醫(yī)院不得少于 2人; 300 張床位以下的醫(yī)院不少于 1 人?;鶎俞t(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)必須指定專人兼職負(fù)責(zé)醫(yī)院感染管理工作。 一、醫(yī)院感染管理科(專職人員,下同)負(fù)責(zé)醫(yī)院感染管理日常工作。 二、醫(yī)院感染管理科為賦予一定管理職能的業(yè)務(wù)科室,協(xié)調(diào)相關(guān)部門,具體負(fù)責(zé)全院醫(yī)院感染控制工作的技術(shù)指導(dǎo)、管理與監(jiān)督。 三、醫(yī)院感染管理專職人員必須經(jīng)過省級以上衛(wèi)生行政部門指定的醫(yī)院感染管理培訓(xùn)單位的培訓(xùn),取得省級衛(wèi)生行政部門頒發(fā)的《醫(yī)院感染管理專業(yè)崗位培訓(xùn)證書》,考核合格方能上崗。 M anipulator is now used as a indust rial r obot s in use, t he contr ol bj ectives of t en appear oft en in industr ial aut omation. I ndustr ial autom ation t echnol gy has gr adualy m at ur ed, as mat ur e a t echnol gy line has been r apid developm ent in industr ial aut omation as a separ at e subject . M anipulator application began t o f ilt er int o welding, logistics, mechanical pr ocessing, and ot her industr ies. Especially at high or very low t em per at ur es, f ul of poisonous gases, high r adiat ion case, r obot in sim ilar cir cum st ances showed gr eat use also br ings gr eat convenience t o t he st af . Pr ecisely because of t his r obot o get people39。s att ent ion began t o be a high degr ee of developm ent. Labor ates, wor king condit ions, labor int ensive aspects of pr om ot ing development. Bot h at hom e and abr oad t o develop t he PLC ( pr ogr ammable logic contr oler ) is in various pecial cir cum st ances and under special condit ions et f or m echanical devices. Now t urned on t he development of t he m icr oelect ronics autom atic cont rol t echnol gy and t he r apid development of t he t rains, t he success of PLC hardwar e sof tware and sim ulation contr ol win big and sucessf ul developm ent , now conti ues t o develop as a f act or y aut om ation st andar ds. Because r obot s ar e good evelopment of t he t echnology m akes a good optim ization of pr oductive capit al, and r obot shows t his unique advant ages, such as: has good patibilt y, wide availabilt y, har dware is plet e, and pr ogr amming t hat can be m ast er ed in a short tim e, so in t he cont ext of indust rial PLC applications becam e ubiquit ous. M anipulator in m any developed count ry agr icult ur e and industr y has been applied, such as t he use of mechanical har vest ing lar ge ar eas of armland, r epeat ed operations on t he high speed line t hat uses ar obotic arm, and so on. Today, t he high level of autom ation bined wit h r est rict ions on t he m anipulat or developm ent level is slight ly lower t han t he int er national. The design is m ainly arm welding m achine by PLC Aut om ation contr ol. This of design let designer s on in schol by lear n of has a must of consolidation, underst and has som e usualy didn39。t opport unit ies awar eness in wor ld r ange wit hin some leading level of knowledge has has m ust awar eness, hope designers can in yihou of design in t he can sucess of using in t his design in t he pr oceeds of exper ience manipulator in both at home and abroad of r esear ch profile aut omat ion mechanical ar m research began Yu 20th cent ur y m edium term, aft er years wit h wit h puter and aut omat ion t echnol gy of development , M akes m echanical ar m on t he Gr and stage of industr ial automation and shine, gradually became an industr ial evaluation standar ds, and it s im por tance can be seen. Now or ignal r obot ic arm spent most of m ass pr oduct ion and use on t he pr oduct ion line, which is pr ogrammed robot ic arm. As t he f ir st generation of manipulat or posit ion contr ol systems main features, alt hough not back several gener at ions t hat can detect t he ext ernal envir onment, but can stil successfuly plet e like welding, painting, delivery as well as f or m at er ials simple movements. Second gener at ion mechanical ar ms ar e equipped wit h sensors and m anipul