【正文】 ould reveal how groundless it is.(咋一想，這個觀點聽起來有道理。)(13)Some people argue that…but more often than not, the opposite is usually true.(14)It takes no sense to argue for …, but object to…（有些人認為??，但通常正確的卻是相反）(15)It would be foolish to believe that…And it would be more foolish to think that…（相信??是愚蠢的。）(16)The fatal flaw in the view is that it fails to take …into account.（這個觀點的致命錯誤是它沒有考慮到??）在寫作中作者為了說明自己的觀點，往往需要引用具體的事例加以說明。(1)For example(For instance)…（例如??）(2)…is frequently cited as a mon example of…（??是一個經(jīng)常被引用的例子。）(4)As an example of …we may take…（作為??的例子，我們可以列舉??）(5)This society is filled with the examples of…（社會中充滿了??的例子。）(7)A very similar example can be cited from…（可以引用的相似的例子是??）(8)Numerous other instances might be quoted easily, but this will be sufficient to show that…（還可以很容易地引用其它無數(shù)的事例，但這已足夠說明??）(9)Let us suppose(imagine)that you…Would you …? 我們來假設你??。(1)It seems quite unlikely(possible, likely, impossible)that…（??似乎有可能/不可能。）(3)Chances are that…（很可能??）(4)It is perhaps more accurate to say that…（說??，也許更正確些。）(6)It is …that really matters(counts)…（??是真正重要的。we can…But we can never…（我們可以??；我們可以??。）(13)If that is the case, we may…（如果是那樣的話，我們可以??）(14)If our efforts were devoted to…, we would…（如果我們致力??的話，我們將會??）(15)Anyone with the slightest knowledge of…knows that…（稍有點??知識的人都知道??）(16)A careful study of…can help us to…（對??仔細的研究可以幫助我們??）(17)It is almost impossible that …（沒有??，??幾乎是不可能的。這些數(shù)據(jù)來源非常廣泛，常見的主要借助于報刊、電視等大致媒體，社會機構或政府部門公布的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)和結(jié)果。(1)According to the recent survey(poll, consults),…h(huán)as increased(decreased,spiraled)…from X percent to Y percent(at a rate of X percent,by X percent, to X percent)…（根據(jù)最近的一次調(diào)查/名義調(diào)查/普查，??從X%增加/降低/上升到Y(jié)%；??以X%的比例上升。）(2)According to the national Health Organization, …increased X times pared with 1990(from1981 to 1998).（據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織統(tǒng)計，和1990年相比/從1981到1998，??增加了X倍。）(4)According to reliable(official)statistics(data)provide by …the percentage(rats, number)has almost doubled, as against(pared with)1990.（據(jù)可靠/官方統(tǒng)計，和1990年相比，這個比例/數(shù)字已幾乎增長了一倍。）眾所周知，任何文章只要有頭就要有尾，以使整篇文章結(jié)構完整、和諧。一般來講，文章的結(jié)尾對整篇文章起三個重要作用：一是總結(jié)全文，使其前后照應，從而加強讀者對文章要點的印象；二是提出解決所論及問題的方案或建議；三是促使讀者對該問題的前景或未來發(fā)展趨勢進行深層次的思索。(1)From what has been discussed above, we may safely e to the conclusion that…（從上面的討論我們可以有把握地得出結(jié)論??）(2)Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably reach the conclusion that…（考慮到所有的這些因素，我們有理由得出結(jié)論??）(3)The analysis we have made leads to an unshakable conclusion that…（從我們所作的分析，可以得出一個不可動搖的結(jié)論??）(4)In a word, we should…（總之，我們應該??）(5)In conclusion, it is more important than…（總之，它比??更重要。(1)We must look(search)for an immediate measure(action), because the present situation of …If it is allowed to continue , it will certainly reasult in the heavy cost of …（我們應該尋求一個立即解決的措施，因為目前??的趨勢。）(2)No doubt, if we can’t improve the situation, it is very likely that …will put in danger.（毫無疑問，如果我們不能改變這種狀況，很有可能有??的危險。）(4)Any person who ignores the warning would pay a heavy price!（任何忽視這個警告的人將付出沉重的代價。）(6)We need to take a fresh look at the matter more seriously, otherwise ,we are doomed to fail.（我們需要以新的眼光更加嚴肅地看待這一問題，否則，我們注定會失敗的。其中包括建議和具體的解決問題的方法。we must …（總之，我們應該??；我們必須??。it ought to …（在任何情況下，它必須??；它必須??）(4)We need to …。what we need is …（我們所需要的是??；我們所需要的是??）(6)It is high time that … Here are a few examples of some of the measures that might be taken immediately.（該到了??的時候了。）(7)Although it can’t be solved immediately, still there are most important is …Another way is…（盡管它不可能立即得到解決，但還是有辦法的。另外一個辦法是??）(8)Awareness of the problem is the first step toward the solution.（意識到這個問題是解決它的第一步。讓讀者認識到該問題的解決將會產(chǎn)生的深遠意義及光輝前景，以引起他們的共鳴。it will contribute …（也許遵照這些方法不能解決所有的問題，但它們值得去努力。it will benefit …（上面所提出的建議也許不能保證成功，但它們值得我們?nèi)ヅ?。it can …（??的重要性再怎樣強調(diào)也不過分。it will…（??的重大意義再怎樣強調(diào)也不過分。）(6)Anyway, whether it does us good or harm, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly …（不過，無論它對我們是有害還是有益，有一點是肯定的，那就是它無疑將??）(7)We are entering a new era which requires …（我們正進入一個新的紀元，它要求??）作者提出建議和指出重要性后，許多問題作者作為個人肯定無法解決，所以，他必須呼吁讀者行動起來，或督促相關部門采取行動或?qū)λ懻摰膯栴}引起高度重視。）(2)It is time that we put an immediate end to the unhealthy phenomenon of…（該我們馬上結(jié)束??這種不良的現(xiàn)象了。）(4)There is no doubt that further attention must be paid to the problem of…（毫無疑問，一定要進一步地重視??問題。如果我們要想??，??就很重要）如果說引用語作為文章開頭能起到點明主題、引人入勝的效果的話，以引言作為文章結(jié)尾卻能達到畫龍點睛，一語概括全文的效果。(1)Edison is right in saying that …（愛迪生說??，這是正確的。是啊，如果你要??，你就應該??）(3)Yes, as …once said,”…”（是啊，正如??曾經(jīng)說過：“??”）對某個問題有了解的辦法和方向以后，除了建議人怎么做以外，寫作者應聯(lián)系自己的實際表明為該問題的解決盡某方面的努力。(1)As a young college student, I should be aware of…（作為一個大學生，我應該意識到??）(2)As builders of the 21st century, we should be responsible for…（作為21世紀的建設者，我們應對??負責任。否則我將辜負??的希望。由于它只是屬于論說文中的一種，因此許多相關句型我們在前面第部分（文章正文部分寫作的常用句型）中已經(jīng)給出，現(xiàn)在讓我們再一次重復部分句型，使大家能熟練地掌握。）(6)A…, while(on the other hand ,whereas)B…（A??，而/另一方面B卻??）(7)A makes up X percent of the total.（A占總數(shù)的X%。）(9)One may see that there is a general tendency of …（我們可以看到??是一個普通的趨勢。）(11)A is exactly(almost, nearly, more or less, just)the same as B.（A和B完全/幾乎一樣。）(13)By parison with 1990, it decreased from X percent to Y percent.（和1990年相比，它由X%上升到Y(jié)%。）(15)It has increased(decreased dropped)almst two and half times(twice, six times), pared…（和??相比，它已增加/下降了幾乎兩倍半/兩倍/六倍。）(17)By 1990, less(more than)X percent of college students(workers, housewives)perferred to…（到了1990，不到/超過X%的大學生/工人/家庭主婦寧愿??）(18)The number(rare)was X percent, less than a half of the 1990 total.（這個數(shù)量/比例為X%，不足1990年總數(shù)的一半。finally…。第一，??；第二，??；最后，??）(20)The change(increase decline)in … mainly results from(is due to, is owing to)the fact that.（??的變化/增加/下降主要是因為??）(21)A number of factors could account for(lead to, result in, contribute to)the change(increase, decrease)in…（導致??變化/增加/下降有許多原因。）(2)How nice it was to hear form you.（收到你的來信多好啊。）(5)I’m very glad to hear that…（我十分高興地聽到??）(6)I’m sorry it has taken me so long to reply to you …（抱歉，我耽誤了許久才給你回信。）(8)Thank you for how your letter of May 14, telling me that…（感謝你在5月14日的信中告訴我??）(9)Your letter of Friday arrived this morning.（今天上午收到了你星期五寫來的信。）(2)Expecting to hear from you soon.（盼早日回