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哈佛大學(xué)校長離職演講-閱讀頁

2024-11-04 02:44本頁面
  

【正文】 nant broke the tie and Russell conflicts over invited speakers are hardly the vehemence with which these issues have been debated in recent months, not just oncampuses but in the broader public sphere, suggests there is something distinctive about , these controversies reflect a highly polarized political and socialenvironment – perhaps the most divisive since the era of the Civil in these alreadyfractious circumstances, free speech debates have provided a fertile substrate into whichanger and disagreement could be planted to nourish partisan outrage and generate that is only a partial themselves have changed dramatically in recent years, reaching beyond theirtraditional, largely homogeneous populations to bee more diverse than perhaps anyother institution in which Americans find themselves living overwhelminglywhite, male, Protestant, and upper class, Harvard College is now half female, majorityminority, religiously pluralistic, with nearly 60 percent of students able to attend because offinancial percent are the first in their families to go to of our studentsstruggle to feel full members of this munity – a munity in which people like them haveso recently seek evidence and assurance that – to borrow the title of a powerfultheatrical piece created by a group of our AfricanAmerican students – evidence andassurance that they, too, are price of our mitment to freedom of speech is paid disproportionately by them, free speech has not infrequently included enduring a questioning oftheir abilities, their humanity, their morality – their very legitimacy values and ourtheory of education rest on the assumption that members of our munity will take the riskof speaking and will actively pete in our wild rumpus of argument and requiresthem as well to be fearless in face of argument or challenge or even verbal itexpects that fearlessness even when the challenge is directed to the very identity – race,religion, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, nationality – that may have made themuncertain about their right to be here in the first such fearlessness ishard。t just happen and require intervention when it is is not aboutthe freedom to outshout others while everyone has their fingers in their free speechto flourish, we must build an environment where everyone takes responsibility for the rightnot just to speak, but to hear and be heard, where everyone assumes the responsibility totreat others with dignity and requires not just speakers, but, in the words of JamesRyan, dean of our Graduate School of Education, generous the current soulsearching about free speech, we need to devote more attention to establishing the conditions inwhich everyone39。it is freedom toactively join the debate as a full is about creating a context in which genuinedebate can a lot, I urged the Class of 2020 last fall。t stand safely on the sidelines。福斯特郭英劍 編譯轉(zhuǎn)自:[譯者按:《放飛我們最富挑戰(zhàn)性的想象力》是美國哈佛大學(xué)第28任校長德魯需要向讀者說明的是,這里所謂的“編譯”,是指譯者刪去了——也就是沒有翻譯——原文中的一些客套話和一些(在譯者看來并不太重要的)詞句,但不改動原來的句子,也就是說,這里所有的語句,都出自原文,非譯者“編輯加工”后再“譯”而成。但是,當(dāng)我在考慮今天意味著什么的時候,這樣的羅列似乎過于束縛人,它們限制了而不是去放飛我們最富挑戰(zhàn)性的想象力,限制了我們?nèi)ニ伎嘉覀冏钌钸h(yuǎn)的責(zé)任和義務(wù)。大學(xué)的確是要承擔(dān)責(zé)任的。人們要求我們報告畢業(yè)率、研究生院的入學(xué)統(tǒng)計數(shù)字、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)考試的分?jǐn)?shù),目的是為了在大學(xué)評價中提高“附加值”,人們要看研究經(jīng)費有多少,教師出版和發(fā)表論著的數(shù)量是多少。雖然了解上述指標(biāo)很重要,它們也可以說明我們事業(yè)中一些特別的部分內(nèi)容。那么,讓我斗膽提出一個定義來吧。一所大學(xué)關(guān)乎學(xué)問(learning),影響終生的學(xué)問,將傳統(tǒng)傳承千年的學(xué)問,創(chuàng)造未來的學(xué)問。大學(xué)是要對永恒做出承諾,而這些投資會產(chǎn)生我們無法預(yù)測且常常是無法衡量的收益。對于那些努力去證明這些傳統(tǒng)不過是工具性的、不過是對某些當(dāng)代需求有一定用處而已的說法和作法,我們會感覺很不舒服。我們追尋它們,因為它們使我們的——無論是個人的還是社會的——洞察力增加了深度和廣度,而這,則是我們在難以避免短視的當(dāng)下所無法發(fā)現(xiàn)的。我們努力去理解我們是誰,從哪里來,到哪里去,原因何在。但對意義的找尋,是沒有盡頭的探索,它在不斷地闡釋,不斷地干擾和重新闡釋現(xiàn)狀,不斷地在看,從不會滿足于已有的發(fā)現(xiàn)。就其本質(zhì)而言,大學(xué)培育的是一種變化的文化甚至是無法控制的文化。教育、研究、教學(xué)常常都是有關(guān)變化的——當(dāng)人們學(xué)習(xí)時,它改變了個人;當(dāng)我們的疑問改變我們對世界的看法時,它改變了世界;當(dāng)我們的知識運用到政策之中時,它改變了社會。但變化常常使人感到不舒服,因為它在你得到的同時也會失去,在你發(fā)現(xiàn)的同時也會迷失方向。我們對未來的責(zé)任還對我們提出了更多的要求。對未來承擔(dān)責(zé)任要求我們,要跨越地理與智力的界限。真理是渴望達(dá)到的目標(biāo),而不是占有物。我們必須將自己置于不斷質(zhì)疑(doubt)這種令人不舒服的狀態(tài),使自己保持謙遜的態(tài)度,不斷地相信:還有更多的知識需要我們?nèi)チ私?、更多的知識需要我們?nèi)ブv授、更多的知識需要我們?nèi)ダ斫?。我們能夠生活在哈佛這樣一個理性自由、傳統(tǒng)激揚、資源非凡的王國,因為我們正是被稱為是“大學(xué)”的這樣好奇而神圣的組織的一部分。我們必須要付諸行動,不僅是作為學(xué)生和教工、歷史學(xué)家和計算機(jī)科學(xué)家、律師和醫(yī)生,語言學(xué)家和社會學(xué)家,更是作為大學(xué)中的成員,我們對這個思想共同體負(fù)有責(zé)任。對未來承擔(dān)責(zé)任包含著我們對學(xué)生所承擔(dān)的特殊職責(zé),因為他們是我們最重要的目的和財產(chǎn)。但這,恰恰就是我們的責(zé)任:我們既要去解釋我們的目的,也要很好地去達(dá)到我們的目的,這就是我們這些大學(xué)在這個新的世紀(jì)生存和繁榮的價值所在。但我們所有人都知道,哈佛在其中扮演著特殊的角色。上一周,我拿到一個深黃褐色的信封,它是在1951年由哈佛的第23任校長詹姆斯他在留下的簡短說明上稱,請下一世紀(jì)開始時而“不是之前的”哈佛校長打開它。它的抬頭是“我親愛的先生。他擔(dān)心第三次世界大戰(zhàn)一觸即發(fā),這將“很有可能使我們所居住的城市包括劍橋在內(nèi)遭到破壞?!钡?,當(dāng)他想象哈佛的未來時,柯南特就由不詳之兆轉(zhuǎn)向了堅定的信念?!澳銜盏竭@封信,會帶領(lǐng)一個比我榮幸地執(zhí)掌時更加繁榮、更有影響的大學(xué)?!蔽覀儽仨氈铝τ诖?,確信他在未來也是正確的,我們必須共同擁有和支持他的這種信念。在這個儀式上,我接受了我對他來自歷史的聲音所祈求的傳統(tǒng)應(yīng)付的責(zé)任。正如柯南特所處的時代一樣,我們也處于一個使我們有充足的理由憂慮不安的世界,我們面對的是不確定。讓我們擁抱那些責(zé)任和各種可能性吧;讓我們分享它們“緊密相聯(lián)……如一體;”讓我們開心地去從事這項工作吧,因為這樣的一項任務(wù)是一種難以衡量的特
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