【正文】 und it impossible for him to do the job alone．我發(fā)現(xiàn)他—個(gè)人干這活是不可能的。例如： It was wise of him to do that．他那樣做是明智的。s+動(dòng)名詞。He dislikes his wife39。3)某些形容詞，如：careless等不定式后可以加of來引導(dǎo)出其邏輯主語。間或也可用for + there to be表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是to be）。s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the 。Seeing is 。It is no good 。It is a waste of time trying to explain．設(shè)法解釋是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。It is nice seeing you again．真高興又遇到了你。It is expensive running this car．開這種小車是浪費(fèi)。1）現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)judging from / by?, generally speaking, strictly speaking 2)不定式的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)to tell you the truth, to make things worse, to begin / start with 3)動(dòng)詞原形： Believe it or not(信不信由你)4)作連詞的分詞considering（考慮到，就?而言），providing / provided ?假如，supposing 假如 這些詞用來表示條件的連詞，后接that 從句。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上與主句沒有關(guān)系，通常稱為“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”。眾所周知非限定性從句通常以主句的某一成分作為自己的邏輯主語，從而依附于主句。其實(shí)，雖然叫做獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，并不是真正的獨(dú)立，它還是一種從屬分句，在句中有多種作用。三、形式：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上有兩部分組成：第一部分有名詞或代詞擔(dān)任，第二部分由分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語擔(dān)任。四、舉例：There being nothing else to do, they gone ，他們離開了。表原因）Miss Wang e into the classroom, books in ，手里拿著書。（名詞＋－ed。（名詞＋副詞；表時(shí)間）Without a word more spoken, he picked up the ，他拾起那張紙。（名詞＋不定式；表時(shí)間）五、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與分詞短語作狀語的異同：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與分詞短語都可以轉(zhuǎn)化成狀語從句。例：⑴ If time permit, we’d better have a rest at this weekend.－→Time permitting，we’d better have a rest at this ，本周末我們最好休息一下。還應(yīng)該注意，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語不是總和主句的主語一致，而是主句的其他成分。例：⑴ Looking for my watch in the room, it had taken me a long ，用了我很長時(shí)間。（懸垂分詞）六、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與獨(dú)立成分的異同：有的分詞短語可以獨(dú)立存在，在句子中沒有邏輯上的主語，實(shí)際上已經(jīng)成了習(xí)慣短語。frankly speaking。supposing等等。⑵ Judging from what he said, she must be an honest ，她一定很誠實(shí)。這些短語有：to be honest。to tell you the truth。to be frank。例：⑴ To tell you the truth, what I said at the meeting was not my ，我在會(huì)上說的并不是我的意見。Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or , 你遲早一定會(huì)成功的。（seating himself at the desk擁有了自己的邏輯主語he，注意是“主格”）= When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a key to the bike lost, he had to walk to ，他只好步行去學(xué)校。這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可用一個(gè)從句或并列分句來表達(dá)。His mother to e tonight，he is busy preparing the ,他正在忙著準(zhǔn)備飯菜。t afford any ，有這多的作業(yè)要批，我真的抽不出時(shí)間。t afford any time.）The four of us agreed on a division of labour , each to translate a quarter of the ，每人翻譯全書的四分之一。(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newlybuilt school will look even more beautiful.)B．ing形式“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”動(dòng)詞的ing形式作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語一般應(yīng)與句子的主語保持一致。（= As he was very ill, he went home.）Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a ，他開始看雜志。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句When everyone was ready)The chairman began the meeting , everyone being ，主席開始開會(huì)。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句Because the boy led the way）Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit ，他感到有點(diǎn)兒緊張。It being National Day today，the streets are very ,街上很擁擠。= As there was no further business to discuss, we all went ． 表示條件的ing形式作“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”Time permitting, we will have a piic next ，我們下星期將進(jìn)行一次野炊。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句If my health allows）4． 表示方式的ing形式作“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his ，每個(gè)人胸前都帶著一張卡。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky）C．ed形式“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”與邏輯主語+動(dòng)詞的ing形式一樣，如果ed形式的邏輯主語和句子的主語不一致的話，就需要用ed形式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。= As the book was written in simple English，English beginners were able to read workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly ，他們工作得更起勁了。= He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the task pleted, he had two months39。（=When the task had been pleted, he had two months39。The manager looks worried，many things to , 有這么多的事情要處理。（事情已經(jīng)處理好了，用動(dòng)詞ed形式settled表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束）The food being cooked, the boy was watching ，一邊看電視。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有先后，飯已做好，小孩才去睡覺的八、with、without 引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)介詞with/without +賓語+賓語的補(bǔ)足語可以構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，上面討論過的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種情況在此結(jié)構(gòu)中都能體現(xiàn)。= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are stood in the rain, with his clothes ，衣服濕透了。With his son so disappointing，the old man felt ,老人感到很不快樂。B． with+名詞代詞+副詞Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights ，我們的學(xué)校看上去更美。= The boy was walking and his father was ． with+名詞代詞+介詞短語He stood at the door, with a puter in his He stood at the door, puter in ，手里拿著一部電腦。= Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his ． with+名詞代詞+動(dòng)詞的ed形式With his homework done, Peter went out to ，彼得出去玩了。= After the signal was given, the train wouldn’t dare go home without the job ，我不敢回家。= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it ，沒有人知道它在哪里。= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the ． with+名詞代詞+動(dòng)詞不定式The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to ，小男孩看上去很不開心。The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to ：在with/without 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，多數(shù)情況下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。（without不能省略）九、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中除了能充當(dāng)原因狀語、時(shí)間狀語、條件狀語和伴隨狀語外，還能作定語。A．作狀語獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句或并列分句。（= When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.）All the guests seated, they began their ，他們才開始吃飯。（After everything she needed was bought, Grace took a taxi home.）2．表示原因With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newlyelected president is having a hard ，新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)日子不好過。(= As there was no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.)3．表示條件Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next ，我們下星期將舉行每年一次的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。（=As long as all the work is done, you can have a rest.）Everything taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more ，你的計(jì)劃似乎更實(shí)際些?！菊`】When class being over, the students left their classroom.【正】Class(being)over, the students left their ，學(xué)生都離開了教室。4．表示伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明The strange man was walking down the street, with a stick in his ,手里拿著根手杖。（=The murderer was brought in, and his hands were tied behind his back.）Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them ，其中許多是兒童。He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled.(with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作定語,修飾the student)他就是有許多問題要解決的那個(gè)人。= You can use a large plastic bottle whose top was cut was walking along the road without any street lights on its both 。需要提示的是，不 是所有用連詞的地方都可以改為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。（不要改為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）If you check your test paper carefully, some mistakes can be ，有些錯(cuò)誤是可以避免的。5”事件加強(qiáng)民族團(tuán)結(jié)【專題要點(diǎn)】“7