【正文】 （ 4）資產(chǎn)總額、負(fù)債總額、股東權(quán)益總額不變 第七章 稅務(wù)管理 一、債務(wù)籌資稅務(wù)管理 1. 債務(wù)籌資稅收籌劃 : （ 1）利用負(fù)債的稅收籌劃： 權(quán)益資本收益率（稅前） =息稅前利潤(rùn) 247。 投資總額 （ 2）借款計(jì)息方式的稅收籌劃：負(fù)債籌資。 ： （ 1）權(quán)益籌資的稅收籌劃：債務(wù)所占比重越大，計(jì)算出來的每股凈利會(huì)越高。 二、 企業(yè)投資稅務(wù)管理： 三、 企業(yè)營(yíng)運(yùn)稅務(wù)管理： 四、企業(yè)收益分配稅務(wù)管理 ： 應(yīng)納稅所得額 =收入總額 不征稅收入 免稅收入 各項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)予扣除項(xiàng)目 允許彌補(bǔ)的以前年度虧損。 會(huì)計(jì)報(bào)表項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成的比較： （ 2） 比率分析法： 比率指標(biāo)的類型： 1. 它是各組成部分?jǐn)?shù)值占總體數(shù)值的百分比，反映部 分與總體的關(guān)系 ：反應(yīng)投入與產(chǎn)出的比率。 （ 2）對(duì)比口徑的一致性（分子分母必須在計(jì)算時(shí)間、范圍等方面保持口徑一致）。 （ 3）因素分析法： 1. 連環(huán)替代法： 計(jì)劃（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)） 指標(biāo) N0=A0 B0 C0 計(jì)劃（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）指標(biāo) N0=A0 B0 C0（ 1） 實(shí)際指標(biāo) N1=A1 B1 C1 第一次替代 N2=A1 B0 C0（ 2） 第二次替代 N3=A1 B1 C0（ 3） 第三次替代實(shí)際指標(biāo) N1=A1 B1 C1（ 4） 三因素影響合計(jì)：（ N2－ N0）＋（ N3－ N2）＋（ N1－ N3）＝ N1－ N0 ： A因素變動(dòng)的影響＝（ A1－ A0） B0 C0 B因素變動(dòng)的影響＝ A1（ B1－ B0） C0 C因素變動(dòng)的影響＝ A1 B1（ C1－ C0） 【提示】差額分析法公式的記憶：計(jì)算某一個(gè)因素的影響時(shí)，必須把公式中的該因素替換為 實(shí)際與計(jì)劃（或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）之差。 二、上市公司特殊財(cái)務(wù)分析指標(biāo)： （ 1）基本每股收益 【提示】（ 1）送紅股是將公司以前年度的未分配利潤(rùn)轉(zhuǎn)為普通股，轉(zhuǎn)化與否都一直作為資本使用， 因此 新增的 股數(shù)不需要按照實(shí)際增加的月份加權(quán)計(jì)算，可以直接計(jì)入分母。回購(gòu)股份也應(yīng)按照時(shí)間進(jìn)行 加權(quán)計(jì)算（從分母中減去）。 計(jì)算增量股的每股收益小于原每股收益，可轉(zhuǎn)換債券具有稀釋作用。 計(jì)算稀釋每股收益時(shí)，作為分子的凈利潤(rùn)金額一般不變；分母的調(diào)整項(xiàng)目為增加的普通股股數(shù)，同時(shí)還應(yīng)考慮時(shí)間權(quán)數(shù)。 三、 企業(yè)綜合績(jī)效分析的方法： （ 1）杜邦分析法： 又稱杜邦財(cái)務(wù)分析體系（杜邦體系） ＝ 凈利潤(rùn) / 平均凈資產(chǎn)（所有者權(quán)益） ＝ 總資產(chǎn)凈利率 權(quán)益乘數(shù) ＝營(yíng)業(yè)（銷售）凈利率 總資產(chǎn)周轉(zhuǎn)率 權(quán)益乘數(shù)（ ＝ 1+產(chǎn)權(quán)比率） ＝凈利潤(rùn) / 銷售收入 銷售收入 /平均總資產(chǎn) 1/ （ 1平均資產(chǎn)負(fù)債率） （ 3） 沃爾評(píng)分法： 盈利能力，償債能力，成長(zhǎng)能力，按 5： 3： 2的比重來分配。 償債能力的主要指標(biāo)是：自有資本比率、流動(dòng)比率、應(yīng)收賬款周轉(zhuǎn)率、存貨周轉(zhuǎn)率 成長(zhǎng)能力的主要指標(biāo)是：銷售增長(zhǎng)率、凈利增長(zhǎng)率、總資產(chǎn)增長(zhǎng)率 企業(yè)最終得分 =標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)分 +（實(shí)際比率 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比率） /每分比率的差 （四）企業(yè)綜合績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)計(jì)分方法： 績(jī)效改進(jìn)度大于 1，說明經(jīng)營(yíng)績(jī)效上升，績(jī)效改進(jìn)度小于 1， 說明經(jīng)營(yíng)績(jī)效下滑。 to implement , do not want to, dare not, not with disciplinary ruler to supervision。 not to have conquered, but to have fought well. 2, the plain is the background of life. Live a plain life, give up on themselves is not a coward, but the wise answers。 not unrewarding perfunctorily, but calm attitude of life of unrestrained selfconfidence. Plain living, there is no noise noisy, no earthly troubles, more did not fill in the discontent of desire, some just a calm, a calm. 3, memory of heart will not good things to erase the, life is a When no movie, pain is a beginning, the struggle is a kind of process, death is a kind of ending. Give up this giving up is the helpless, do not give up the abandoned, do not give up this giving up is ignorance, do not give up should not give up is persistent. 4, a thing figured is heaven, think impassability is hell. Since the living, to live better. Sometimes we because of too narrowminded, too care around the chores and penny wise and pound foolish, not worth the candle. Some things to attract trouble and worry, pletely depends on how we look at and deal with it. Don39。t get into a blind alley, don39。t be narrowminded. Poke to care, is a kind of 31 openminded, a free and easy. 5, I am not afraid of others behind me a knife, I afraid to look back and see stab me, is my intention to treat people。m afraid he turned to it as a joke to tell don39。 and when we are in a negative state of mind, you will find many depressed things。 loss of sink, Eritrea pany. When you are in adversity, may wish to change a point of view to think everything over to the good Think, because good mentality decided the fate of the! 7, people are tired, rest。 you pain, no one can understand. Then you only tears to smile. 8, each people have youth, Each youth are a story, the life of the world never gets easier, I want what, wish the world all know, as has been the same。s mouth, because words will reduce its 32 importance。t envy who. Like a person is a kind of feeling, not like a person is true. The truth is easy to explain, I feel Is unspeakable. The best travel life is that you in a strange place found a long lost touched. 11, happy life not in the bustling in, and in the peace of mind。am, like a movie, learn to appreciate, learn to be grateful, learn tolerance, and goodness, helping others. Instead of accusing the society, as into one。t envy him A sum of, don39。t let everyone like you, so also do not want to do. Life is too short to go crazy to love to go to waste, to chase the dream to regret. 15, when temper, a blessing to 33 go. A wounding elegant people, the key is to control their own emotions. With the mouth is the most stupid behavior. A control negative emotions than a can take a city more powerful water flow slow, language is expensive. People spent two years of time to learn to speak, but to spend a few years time to shut up. That is a kind of ability, that is a kind of wisdom. 16, life is not perfect, sometimes, growth is not a cry, not an eyeful of tears, there is no trace of emotion, there is no gleam of hope, no desire, no action, no static, there is only one kind of downward sinking feeling, sink A murky? 6? 7? 6? 7 sink? 6? 7? 6? 7 toward the bottom of the sink. 17, in some way, do not go, you will not know the other side scenery is beautiful. To you is not good, you do not mind too much, no one has an obligation to you。 how do you treat people, does not represent how others treat you, if cannot see through this point, only inviting worry. 18, time is like a sponge in the water, as long as you are willing to squeeze, the total water is still there. Every life, after the ups and downs The best test of live, to life, survival and continuation, do not stop the struggle in the joys and sorrows of life on the road, so that different soul to bear life beat, acceptance of 34 suffering. 19, indifferent to heart, calmly in table, elegant and fortable life, do not take what is so important. The pursuit will be