【正文】 eeth on the main drive gear. Power is transmitted directly to the main shaft so the ratio is 1:1, direct drive. 34 Synchro. Shifted to 4th Main Drive Gear Main Shaft 5th Gear The 5Rev. synchronizer is moved to engage the 20 tooth 5th speed gear. It is driven by a 30 tooth gear that is part of the cluster gear. The ratio is :1 X :1 = :1 5th Gear, Driving 5Rev. Synchro Shifted to 5th 5th Gear, Driven Other 5th Gear Types The 5th driving gear in this transmission is a speed gear mounted on the cluster gear along with the 5th gear synchronizer. The 5th driven gear is attached to the mainshaft. 5th Driven Gear 5th Gear Synchronizer 5th Speed Gear Reverse The 5Reverse synchro. is shifted into mesh with the 45 tooth Rev. speed gear. A 15 tooth Rev. gear on the cluster drives it through the Rev. idler gear. The idler gear is used to change the direction of rotation. The reverse gear ratio is 3:1 X :1 = :1. 5Rev. Synchro. Shifted to Rev. Rev. Gear, Driving Rev. Idler Gear Rev. Gear, Driven Rev. Gear, Driven Other Reverse Types Some 4 amp。 V3 V4 t2 t3 t V B A’ A V3 V4 二、同步器構(gòu)造及工作原理 功用：使結(jié)合套與待嚙合齒圈迅速同步，縮短換檔時(shí)間，同時(shí)防止嚙合時(shí)齒間沖擊。 同步器分類： ? 常壓式、慣性式、自增力式 ? 慣性式同步器分類： ?鎖環(huán)式慣性同步器 ?鎖銷式慣性同步器 ??? s intan rfRr為鎖止面平均半徑； β為鎖止面鎖止角 。 α錐面半錐角 鎖環(huán)式慣性同步器 細(xì)牙螺旋槽 滑塊 結(jié)構(gòu) 滑塊 鎖環(huán) 結(jié)合齒圈 原理 定位銷、滑塊 鎖環(huán) 結(jié)合齒圈 1齒厚 2. 鎖銷式慣性同步器 摩擦錐盤 摩擦錐環(huán) 定位銷 結(jié)合套 鋼球 定位銷 鎖銷 直徑較大的摩擦錐面，可產(chǎn)生較大摩擦力矩縮短同步時(shí)間。 this allows the key to rotate slightly to block the sleeve. Speed Gear Sleeve Blocker Ring Key Hub Energizer Spring Operation During Shift Speed Gear Travel Sleeve Spline Movement Blocker Ring Movement Sleeve movement at the beginning of a shift, moves the blocker ring to contact the speed gear cone. The blocker ring then rotates slightly so its teeth are blocking the splines in the sleeve. Further shift pressure pushes the blocker ring against the speed gear cone. This slows the speed gear to the same speed as the synchronizer. Completed Shift After the speed gear slows down, the blocker rings moves aside, and the sleeve can move over the clutch teeth. The shift is plete when the back tapers are side by side as shown in the center. Speed Gear Sleeve Back Tapers Clutching Teeth Back Taper This section of a speed gear shows how the back side of the clutching teeth (light blue) are tapered to bee narrower. This taper holds the synchronizer sleeve in place and prevents gear “jump out”. 第四節(jié) 變速器操縱機(jī)構(gòu) ? 功用： 保證駕駛員能準(zhǔn)確可靠地使變速器換入某個(gè)檔位。 互鎖功能：保證變速器不會(huì)同時(shí)換入兩個(gè)檔位。 ? 分類： 直接操縱式 遠(yuǎn)距離操縱式 Shifting Gears Most SUV and pickup transmissions incorporate the shift mechanism into the the top of the unit. Movement of the gear shit lever will move one of the shift forks connected to the synchronizer sleeve. Shift Lever Shift Rail Shift Fork 定義： 變速器在駕駛員座位附近，變速桿從駕駛室底板伸出， 由駕駛員直接操縱。 一、直接操縱式變速器操縱機(jī)構(gòu) 五、六檔撥叉 三、四檔撥叉 一、二檔撥叉 倒檔撥叉 變速桿 換檔軸 叉形撥桿 倒檔撥叉軸 一、二檔撥叉軸 五、六檔撥叉軸 自鎖鋼球 互鎖銷 五、六檔撥塊 2．操縱機(jī)構(gòu)的安全裝置 作用：保證變速器在任何情況下都能準(zhǔn)確、安全、可靠地工作。 防止自動(dòng)脫檔。 撥叉軸 互鎖鋼球 互鎖銷 空檔狀態(tài) Shift Detents Most detents are springloaded balls (red) that are pushed into one of two or three notches in a shift rail or cam. They are used to hold the shift rail in an exact position which places the synchro. sleeve or gear in an exact position. The center shift rail detents are in back of the rail. Detent Ball Detent Spring Shift Rail Shift Fork Shift Interlocks This 5speed transmission has three shift rails that transmit motion from the shift lever to the shift forks. When one of the rails is moved from neutral, the plugs are moved sideways to lock the other rails in place Shift Rails Plug Pin Plug 3）倒檔鎖 倒檔鎖銷 倒檔撥塊 駕駛員在換倒檔時(shí)要克服倒檔鎖彈簧彈力，變大的換檔阻力，可提醒駕駛員 倒檔鎖彈簧 變速器操縱機(jī)構(gòu) 二 遠(yuǎn)距離操縱機(jī)構(gòu) ? 當(dāng)變速器在汽車上的布置離駕駛員座位較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)，需要在變速桿與撥叉軸之間加裝一套傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)或輔助杠桿，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)變速器的遠(yuǎn)距離操縱。 ? 作用：實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)變速器的遠(yuǎn)距離操縱。 三、預(yù)選氣動(dòng)式操縱機(jī)構(gòu) 為了改善重型貨車組合式變速器的操縱輕便型，副變速器多采用預(yù)選氣動(dòng)式操縱機(jī)構(gòu)換檔，常見的有機(jī)械式和電控式。 2．分動(dòng)器的構(gòu)造 分動(dòng)器的輸入軸與變速器的第二軸相連，輸出軸有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，通過萬向傳動(dòng)裝置分別與各驅(qū)動(dòng)橋相連。當(dāng)越野車在良好路面上行駛時(shí)，只需后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)，可以用操縱手柄控制前橋接合 套，切斷前驅(qū)動(dòng)橋輸出軸的動(dòng)力。 非先退出低檔，不得摘下前橋。