【正文】 美國鄉(xiāng)土文學Local Color FictionFeaturesLocal color fiction presents a locale which is distinguished from the outside world. describes the exotic and the picturesque. glorifies the past. attempts to show things as they are. stresses the influence of setting on character.Dialect peculiarities are the defining characteristic of local color writings. Representatives216。The Adventures of Tom Sawyer湯姆The Prince and the Pauper 王子與貧兒。The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 哈克貝利 Local color. ContributionWilliam Deans Howells called Mark Twain “the Lincoln of literature.” . Combining American frontier humor and serious storytelling conventions with his journalistic style, he produced a body of work of enduring value. His writing gives readers a clear sense of life in the prewar Mississippi Valley. Moreover, he initiated the vernacular tradition in American fiction.Francis Bret Hartethe first American writer of local color to achieve wide popularityThe Luck of Roaring Camp咆哮營里的幸運兒Harriet Beecher StoweUncle Tom’s Cabin湯姆大叔的小屋Kate ChopinThe Awakening覺醒Stephen CraneThe Red Badge of Courage紅色英勇勛章Theodore DresierSister Carrie嘉莉妹妹。Martin Eden 馬丁 The Lost Generation named applied to the disillusioned intellectuals and aesthetes of the years following World War I, who rebelled against former ideals and values but could replace them only by despair or a cynical hedonism. The remark of Gertrude Stein, “You are all a lost generation,” addressed to Hemingway, was used as a preface to the latter’s novel The Sun Also Rises, which brilliantly describes an expatriate group typical of the “l(fā)ost generation.”Two major representativesF. Scott Fitzgeraldthe spokesman of the “roaring 20s”The Great Gatsby 了不起的蓋茨比216。 William Faulkner The Yoknapatawpha Saga約克納帕塔法世系：The Sound and the Fury 喧囂與騷動；As I Lay Dying我彌留之際；Absalom, Absalom!押沙龍，押沙龍?。籊o Down, Moses去吧，摩西Major features of Faulkner’s writingsFaulkner used the South to talk about the violence and evil in all human beings.Faulkner was a great avantgarde experimenter. He successfully advanced some modernliterary techniques: Stream of consciousness. (interior monologue)Multiple point of viewAuthorial transcendence instead of authorial intrusion. His prose varies from colloquial口語的, regional, to formal diction and cadences節(jié)奏 of American speech. Stream of consciousnessThe continuous flow of senseperceptions, thoughts, feelings, and memories in the human mind。 Booker T. Washington。Jean Toomer Harlem Renaissance Term used to describe a flowering of AfricanAmerican literature and art in the 1920s, mainly in the Harlem district of New York City. During the mass migration of African Americans from the rural agricultural South to the urban industrial North (191418), many who came to New York settled in Harlem, as did a good number of black New Yorkers moved from other areas of the city. Meanwhile, Southern black musicians brought jazz with them to the North and to Harlem. The area soon became a sophisticated literary and artistic center. Responding to the heady intellectual atmosphere of the time and place, writers and artists, many of whom lived in Harlem, began to produce a wide variety of fine and highly original works dealing with AfricanAmerican life. Countee Cullen。Hurston。Ralph EllisonInvisible Man看不見的人James BaldwinGo Tell it on the Mountains向蒼天呼吁Contemporary African American literatureAlex Palmer HaleyRoot