【正文】
= 2 mm;花鍵壓力角 α = 30176。漸開線花鍵連接(靜連接)校核計(jì)算結(jié)果 傳遞的轉(zhuǎn)矩 T = 450000 N;齒數(shù) z = 17;分度圓直徑 d = mm;花鍵軸大徑直徑 Dee = mm;鍵齒工作高度 h = mm;鍵的長(zhǎng)度 L = 20 mm;不均勻系數(shù) ψ = ; 使用和制造情況 PType = 中等; 齒面熱處理 W = 齒面未經(jīng)熱處理;許用擠壓應(yīng)力范圍 σpp = 60~100 MPa;許用應(yīng)力 [σp] = 80 MPa;計(jì)算應(yīng)力 σp = MPa; 校核計(jì)算結(jié)果: σp≤[σp] 滿足。mm;模數(shù) m = 2 mm;花鍵壓力角 α = 30176。 第4章 主要零件加工工藝過程二軸零件圖如圖41所示。工序:10 銑端面,打中心孔;20 粗車外圓(φ40長(zhǎng)48部分,φ47部分);30 粗車外圓(φ37部分,φ40長(zhǎng)40部分);40 半精車外圓(φ40長(zhǎng)48部分,φ47部分);50 半精車外圓(φ37部分,φ40長(zhǎng)40部分);60 倒圓角;70 兩端倒角;80中間檢驗(yàn);90 滾軸端花鍵;100 滾中間花鍵;110 磨外圓;120 鉆螺紋孔;130 攻螺紋;140 去毛刺;150 最終檢驗(yàn)。模數(shù)m =2mm公差等級(jí):f6花鍵配合長(zhǎng)度:g=20mm分度圓直徑:D=mZ=44mm分度圓周長(zhǎng)之半:=π222/2=;公差因數(shù):=2+44=;周節(jié)積累公差==5+=齒形公差= =4+25=齒向公差==+=綜合公差==齒槽寬和齒厚的總公差:(T+λ)=25 +100 =25+100==+=+44==+=+=基本齒厚S==作用齒厚上偏差=-25μm作用齒厚最大值:=S+=實(shí)際齒厚最小值:=—(T+λ)=—=作用齒厚最小值:=+λ=+=實(shí)際齒厚最大值:=—λ=+=漸開線花鍵齒數(shù)Z=17壓力角α=30176。 圖42 齒輪2毛坯:20CrMnTi鍛件。漸開線花鍵齒數(shù)Z=33壓力角α=30176。 撥叉軸 毛坯:45鍛件。零件圖如圖44所示。工序:10 銑端面;20 銑另一端面;30 粗鏜φ42孔;40 車外圓(φ62,φ92);50 粗鏜φ62孔;60 半精鏜φ42孔;70 磨φ62孔;80 磨φ62孔端面;80 車1:5錐面;90 倒圓角;100 倒角;110 鉆孔φ7;120 鉆孔φ2;130 取毛刺;140 最終檢驗(yàn)。因此要求齒輪材料有高的彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度和接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度,齒面要有足夠的硬度和耐磨性,芯部要有一定的強(qiáng)度和韌性。20CrMnTi的工藝性能較好,鍛造后以正火來改善其切削加工性。且滲碳速度較快,過渡層較均勻,滲碳淬火后變形小。20CrMnTi是性能良好的滲碳鋼。良好的加工性,特加工變形微小,抗疲勞性能相當(dāng)好。撥叉軸受力比較小,工作條件較好,強(qiáng)度和剛度要求不高,選用45號(hào)鋼即可。在灰口鐵中,由于片狀石墨的存在使其抗拉強(qiáng)度和塑性大大低于鋼材,但片狀石墨對(duì)抗壓強(qiáng)度和硬度影響不大,仍然接近于鋼材。HT150 的鑄造性好,熔煉設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單,價(jià)格便宜,所以軸承蓋材料選用HT150較合適。本次設(shè)計(jì)的取力器操縱方式采用手動(dòng)操縱,該形式結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,成本較低。 手柄圖如圖45所示。該取力器采用飛濺方式潤(rùn)滑各齒輪副,軸與軸承等零件表面。變速器中潤(rùn)滑油高度一般到變速器高度三分之二左右,所以取力器內(nèi)部所有零部件均寖泡在潤(rùn)滑油中。取力器箱體底部為斜面,向變速器箱體內(nèi)傾斜,排油時(shí),將變速器內(nèi)潤(rùn)滑油排凈,則取力器箱體內(nèi)潤(rùn)滑油經(jīng)變速器排凈。第6章 結(jié) 論 以上是對(duì)EQ1181貨車變速器取力器的設(shè)計(jì)。在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)中,做到體積小,質(zhì)量輕,以保證有足夠的空間,使安裝和維修更加方便。在設(shè)計(jì)動(dòng)力切換方式中,由于變速器中間軸取力器齒輪是斜齒輪,取力器動(dòng)力輸出齒輪不能采用滑移齒輪??紤]到以上兩點(diǎn),采用結(jié)合齒圈方式,來實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)力切換。通過計(jì)算,該取力器到達(dá)設(shè)計(jì)要求。結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)合理,基本可以用于實(shí)際生產(chǎn)和使用。在畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)過程中,老師細(xì)心為我們講解實(shí)習(xí)過程中遇到的問題,為之后的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)奠定里基礎(chǔ)。同時(shí)感謝遼寧工業(yè)大學(xué)和長(zhǎng)春一汽集團(tuán),為我們提供畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。在老師,同學(xué)的幫助下,我順利的完成了畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì),同時(shí)也鍛煉了自己機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的能力。 附件1 專業(yè)外文及翻譯 Sprinkler pumps, power take off and automotive engine is to ensure the correct matching design of the normal operation of its factors, the sprinkler is a precondition for the use of reliability. Daytoday operation of the correct use of state power is to ensure that the access device of the key conditions of life, when taking a certain ratio of power devices, the driver control the size of the engine throttle speed is the key to running water. Pump speed of a direct impact on the operation of the check39。s injury from power is inevitable, it should take power device manufacturers and users of high priority. Sprinkler certain chassis, the pumps and check our selection of matching devices is to ensure reliable and economic operation of its key factors. Check power design to increase maximum output power and users use the correct state is to reduce the force from the determinants of failure. Production only from power plants, sprinkler Factory and users work together to ensure that sprinkler in a state of continuous work to minimize the failure rate in order to improve access of Power plant, sprinkler Factory credibility and the efficiency of users .To Select the type of power take off The rapid development of China39。s Increasing demand. However, because many manufacturers and users adapted to the Check our performance is not very understanding, due to take power with the vehicle to make Selection Employment status does not match the force resulting from shortening the device life, and even made Into the quality of incidents occur from time to time, to manufacturers and users with modified To a lot of inconvenience and economic losses. In response to these conditions Situation is taken on the vehicle39。s current power production device manufacturers get more access Development of basic device is the ability to imitate, absorb, assimilatethe structure of similar products abroad And technology, so check the quality of our products depends primarily on manufacturing technology And testing whether the means of advanced and reasonable. Converted the majority of manufacturers and users Take power in the choice of when those who only look for the strong force from Production Manufacturers to obtain the relevant technical support in order to avoid unnecessary Economic losses.取力器使用壽命的影響分析 灑水車水泵、取力器和汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的正確匹配是保證其正常運(yùn)行的設(shè)計(jì)因素,這些只是灑水車使用可靠性的前提條件。水泵運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的快慢直接影響了取力器的壽命。汽車取力器一般設(shè)計(jì)最大輸出功率為30 kW,正常情況下足以滿足傳動(dòng)與功率的需求,但對(duì)于驅(qū)動(dòng)水泵類產(chǎn)品時(shí)應(yīng)考慮其功率與轉(zhuǎn)速的立方成正比關(guān)系,由于取力器要傳輸41.47 kW遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于設(shè)計(jì)功率30 kW,所以此時(shí)取力器的損傷是必然的,這一點(diǎn)應(yīng)該引起取力器生產(chǎn)廠家和用戶的高度重視。取力器設(shè)計(jì)最大輸出功率的提高和用戶正確的使用狀態(tài)是減少取力器故障的決定因素。關(guān)于汽車取力器選型我國(guó)專用車迅猛發(fā)展,對(duì)汽車取力器的需求日益增大。針對(duì)這些情況,現(xiàn)對(duì)汽車取力器的選型做一簡(jiǎn)單介紹,供改裝廠家及用戶參考。取力器的性能和參數(shù)主要根據(jù)車輛的用途而定,并且必須與所連接的變速器、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、齒輪泵或空壓機(jī)的性能參數(shù)匹配。如自卸車,由于受其用途限制,單次連續(xù)工作時(shí)間不是很長(zhǎng),因而不必選擇功率太大,要求連續(xù)工作的取力器,以免造成不必要的資源浪費(fèi)。目前國(guó)內(nèi)已成功開發(fā)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)取力器使用及維護(hù)成本低,可靠性又較好,將逐步替代離合器取力器、變速器一軸取力器等,而成為這些車輛的首選。各項(xiàng)性能參數(shù)的選擇因用戶需求不同而不同,需根據(jù)要求而定,在此不詳述。取力器從汽車上取力的方式主要有飛輪取力(即直接從發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)取力) 、離合器取力、一軸取力及變速器取力。取力器輸出方式也多種多樣,有單輸出、雙輸出、帶法蘭輸出、內(nèi)外花鍵輸出、直接連泵等等。3 確定取力器接口尺寸取力器安裝方式不同,接口尺寸也不盡相同。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和變速器的生產(chǎn)廠家不同,連接尺寸和所開的取力窗口也不相同,用戶必須確知所選底盤的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)型號(hào)、變速器型號(hào)、使用工況和匹配的取力器參數(shù),取力器生產(chǎn)廠家才能根據(jù)用戶資料提供與之匹配的取力器。改裝廠家及廣大用戶在選擇取力器時(shí)只有認(rèn)準(zhǔn)那些有實(shí)力的取力器生產(chǎn)廠家以獲取相關(guān)技術(shù)支持,才能避免造成不必要的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。z2=29。y1=。 y3=。z=[z2]。kc=[7]。y=[y2]。mn=[m1]。tg2=temax*z2/z3。%斜齒輪kf1=。%從動(dòng)齒輪kt=。%螺旋角。w=2.*Tg1.*cos(bb)*k1*kf2./(pi.*mn.^3.*zw.*kcw*km.*y1)%δw(1)ww=2.*Tg2.*kf1*k1./(pi.*m.^3.*z.*kw*km.*y2)%δw(2)wzw=2.*Tg2.*kf2*k1./(pi.*m.^3.*zzw.*kzw*km.*y3)%δw(3)E=*10^5。%αaw=*pi/180。dzw=mn.*zw。db=m.*z。dbzw=m*zzw。rzw=.*dzw。rb=.*db。rbzw=*dbzzw。bw=mn.*kcw。wj=.*sqrt(2.*Tg1*E./(rz*sin(a))/cos(bb).^2.+(rb*sin(a)))./cos(bb).^2.*dz.*b)) %δj(2)wjzw=.*sqrt(2.*Tg2*E./(rzzw*sin(a))/cos(bb).^2.+(rbzw*sin(a)))./cos(bb).^2.*dzzw.*bzw)) %δj(3)wjw=.*sqrt(2.*Tg2*E./(cosa*cosaw*(rzw*sin(a))/cos(bb).^2.+(rb