【正文】 支持中應(yīng)堅(jiān)持有進(jìn)有退的信貸政策，對(duì)財(cái)務(wù)狀況好、產(chǎn)品有市場(chǎng)的企業(yè)，不能因?yàn)槠湟?guī)模小而不給貸款或從嚴(yán)審核，而應(yīng)該用發(fā)展的眼光看問題，對(duì)企業(yè)的巨大潛能給予支持與鼓勵(lì)。對(duì)不符合國家行業(yè)政策和行業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)范的中小企業(yè)，則應(yīng)堅(jiān)決退出，以促進(jìn)中小企業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，增強(qiáng)其自身的融資能力，同時(shí)也能更好地規(guī)避銀行的貸出風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。對(duì)當(dāng)前產(chǎn)品確實(shí)有市場(chǎng)、有效益的企業(yè)，在信用等級(jí)評(píng)定時(shí)，應(yīng)劃分階段，區(qū)別對(duì)待。隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者素質(zhì)、管理水平等在企業(yè)發(fā)展過程中的作用日益突出。（5）完善信貸管理體系和激勵(lì)機(jī)制要適當(dāng)放寬基層銀行的信貸審批權(quán)限，擴(kuò)大基層銀行自主經(jīng)營權(quán)。同時(shí)與之配套，要建立責(zé)、權(quán)、利相對(duì)等的信貸考評(píng)責(zé)任制，對(duì)新開戶的企業(yè)、高新技術(shù)企業(yè)、信用等級(jí)評(píng)定難和暫不符合貸款條件但有發(fā)展前景的企業(yè)，敢于決策。3．政府政策方面的傾斜 由于我國是社會(huì)主義國家，雖然實(shí)行社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，但在很大程度上仍然有計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)的影子，國家在政策支持上仍然向大型國有企業(yè)傾斜較多。（1）加強(qiáng)對(duì)中小企業(yè)資金完善的扶持政策政府部門要以稅收優(yōu)惠、財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼、貸款援助等方式給予中小企業(yè)資金上的支持。即政府可以從多方面著手幫助我國中小企業(yè)解決融資難問題。對(duì)銀行等金融機(jī)構(gòu)要鼓勵(lì)其對(duì)中小企業(yè)發(fā)放貸款，禁止金融機(jī)構(gòu)無故拒絕向中小企業(yè)貸款；在規(guī)范中小企業(yè)方面，政府應(yīng)設(shè)立專門調(diào)查企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)和資信狀況的機(jī)構(gòu)，使中小企業(yè)誠信經(jīng)營，贏得銀行信任。（3）鼓勵(lì)或出資建立健全社會(huì)信用體系由于中小企業(yè)在融資時(shí)，存在自身信用等級(jí)低帶來的問題，因此，需要建立健全社會(huì)信用體系以解決中小企業(yè)信用不足的缺陷。每個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的就業(yè)記錄、銀行貸款、信用狀況、償債能力等情況均應(yīng)被錄入社會(huì)信用征信體系，銀行、公司或其他業(yè)務(wù)對(duì)象可以付費(fèi)查詢，使無信用者無處藏身。（4）積極探索建立社會(huì)化中介機(jī)構(gòu)我國中小企業(yè)與銀行等金融機(jī)構(gòu)之間存在較嚴(yán)重的信息不對(duì)稱，因此需要一定的社會(huì)中介機(jī)構(gòu)為其服務(wù)。其次積極探索，建立多形式、多層次的社會(huì)化中介機(jī)構(gòu)，對(duì)貸款評(píng)估、人員培訓(xùn)、法律咨詢、信用擔(dān)保等實(shí)行“一條龍”服務(wù)，切實(shí)解決企業(yè)評(píng)估難、擔(dān)保難問題。（5）支持建立多層次的資本市場(chǎng)模式 目前，我國資本市場(chǎng)尚不健全，中小企業(yè)通過資本市場(chǎng)獲得融資的比例非常小，這就需要政府出面健全資本市場(chǎng)，為了適應(yīng)中小企業(yè)的融資特點(diǎn)，需要建立多層次資本市場(chǎng)，為全社會(huì)資金和資源配置提供有效的信號(hào)、指針、退出機(jī)制和交易平臺(tái)。因此，多層次資本市場(chǎng)體系的建立，將使資本市場(chǎng)服務(wù)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的功能得到進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)。六、結(jié)論本文通過理論與實(shí)證相結(jié)合的分析方法對(duì)我國中小企業(yè)的融資現(xiàn)狀及特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的探討。然而，我國中小企業(yè)在發(fā)展中面臨一系列問題，其中最主要的問題就是獲得融資難。所以我國要正確地引導(dǎo)中小企業(yè)發(fā)展，盡可能幫助其克服發(fā)展中的種種困難，提高其自身素質(zhì)和管理水平，同時(shí)要真正把國家扶持中小企業(yè)的政策落到實(shí)處。這樣，我國才能更好地迎接世界性的挑戰(zhàn)，更好地參加國際經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作，我國社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)將會(huì)更加健康地發(fā)展與完善。首先，我應(yīng)該感謝我的導(dǎo)師潘老師，他嚴(yán)肅的科學(xué)態(tài)度，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)精神，精益求精的工作作風(fēng)，深深地感染和激勵(lì)著我。這段時(shí)間，我因?yàn)樽陨砀鞣矫嬖?，投入論文的精力和時(shí)間都很有限，但潘老師不僅在學(xué)業(yè)上給我以精心指導(dǎo)，同時(shí)還在思想、生活上給我以無微不至的關(guān)懷，在此謹(jǐn)向潘老師致以誠摯的謝意和崇高的敬意。最后，我還要感謝培養(yǎng)我長大含辛茹苦的父母，是你們給了我一個(gè)溫暖的家，在我遇到生活與學(xué)習(xí)中的挫折時(shí)，給予我無微不至的照顧和開導(dǎo)，在我考研那段艱辛的歲月，你們一直默默的鼓勵(lì)我、支持我。大學(xué)四年，有太多的老師、同學(xué)、朋友值得我去感激，謝謝你們一直以來對(duì)我的關(guān)心與照顧，在此，請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我真誠地對(duì)你們說聲“謝謝”！參考文獻(xiàn)[1][M].華中科技大學(xué)出版社,2009.[2][M].人民出版社,2006 .[3][M].中國財(cái)政經(jīng)濟(jì)出版,2007.[4][J].商場(chǎng)現(xiàn)代化,2006. 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(1995), pp. 351381[15] Aghion P Inplete contracts approach to financial contracting, Review of Economics Studies, 1992, , p 473494[16] Barton, . amp。? worsening of the economic situations in some institutes (burst of the ITC bubble, insolvencies) strengthen the focus on profitability further。? uping implementation of new capital adequacy rules (Basel II) will also change SME business of the credit sector and will increase its administrative costs。 many of the effected banks are very active in SME finance.All these changes result in a higher sensitivity for risks and profits in the finance sector.The changes in the finance sector affect the accessibility of SMEs to finance.Higher risk awareness in the credit sector, a stronger focus on profitability and the ongoing restructuring in the finance sector change the framework for SME finance and influence the accessibility of SMEs to finance. The most important changes are:? In order to make the higher risk awareness operational, the credit sector introduces new rating systems and instruments for credit scoring。? Banks will try to pass through their additional costs for implementing and running the new capital regulations (Basel II) to their business clients。? Small enterprises will lose their personal relationship with decisionmakers in local branches – the credit application process will bee more formal and anonymous and will probably lose longer。 the profitability of lending bees the main focus of private credit institutions.All of these developments will make access to finance for SMEs even more difficult and / or will increase the cost of external finance. Business startups and SMEs, which want to enter new markets, may especially suffer from shortages regarding finance. A European Code of Conduct between Banks and SMEs would have allowed at least more transparency in the relations between Banks and SMEs and UEAPME regrets that the bank sector was not able to agree on such a mitment.Towards an enpassing policy approach to improve the access of Crafts, Trades and SMEs to financeAll analyses show that credits and loans will stay the main source of finance for the SME sector in Europe. Access to finance was always a main concern for SMEs, but the recent developments in the finance sector worsen the situation even more. Shortage of finance is already a relevant factor, which hinders economic recovery in Europe. Many SMEs are not able to finance their needs for investment.Therefore, UEAPME expects the new European Commission and the new European Parliament to strengthen their efforts to improve the framework conditions for SME finance. Europe’s Crafts, Trades and SMEs ask for an enpassing policy approach, which includes not only the conditions for SMEs’ access to lending, but will also strengthen their capacity for internal finance and their access to external risk capital.From UEAPME’s point of view such an enpassing approach should be based on three guiding principles:? Risksharing between private investors, financial institutes, SMEs and public sector。? improving the regulatory environment for SME finance.Based on these principles and against the background of the changing environment for SME finance, UEAPME proposes policy measures in the following areas:1. New Capital Requirement Directive: SME friendly implementation of Basel IIDue to intensive lobbying activities, UEAPME, together with other Business Associations in Europe, has achieved some improvements in favor of SMEs regarding the new Basel Agreement on regulatory capital (Basel II). The final agreement from the Basel Committee contains a much more realistic approach toward the real risk situation of SME lending for the finance market and will allow the necessary room for adaptations, which respect the different regional traditions and institution