【正文】
。設(shè)液壓缸的效率為。 執(zhí)行元件主要參數(shù)的確定由任務(wù)書可得,已經(jīng)將壓緊缸和折彎剛的工作壓力分別定為50KN和30KN。則需要按最低工作速度驗算折彎缸的尺寸,查產(chǎn)品樣本,節(jié)流閥最小穩(wěn)定流量為,因折彎缸工進速度為為最小速度,查《液壓與氣壓傳動》可得:本設(shè)計中, ,滿足最低速度要求。在保壓過程之中,由于壓緊缸的活塞靜止不動,而為了達到所需要的壓力,液壓泵仍然繼續(xù)工作,直至裝在壓緊缸進油口處的壓力表達到MP時壓力表發(fā)出信號,液壓泵停止對壓緊缸供油。N則折彎缸的進油壓力為:折彎缸流量分別為:又在折彎缸工進過程之中,所需要輸入的功率為:KW壓力計算公式: 流量計算公式:,則:表4 壓緊缸所需的實際流量、壓力和功率工作循環(huán)負載進油壓力回油壓力所需流量輸入功率F(N)Pj(MPa)Pn(Pa)L/minP(KW)下行1039保壓0//上行1039 擬定液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖在液壓缸的初步計算前已經(jīng)確定了采用節(jié)流閥調(diào)速,有兩個液壓回路,但兩回路不是同時工作。電磁閥可直接安裝在液壓站上,由工作臺的行程開關(guān)控制,另外采用單向閥來實現(xiàn)回路的循環(huán)。 液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖液壓系統(tǒng)中兩個電磁換向閥的動作順序表5如下所示:表5 電磁鐵動作順序表動作順序1Y2Y3Y4Y壓緊缸下行 + 保壓 上行 + 折彎缸頂出 + 退回 +由上所述,在折彎機的液壓系統(tǒng)中,采用兩個三位四通的電磁換向閥來控制兩回路的循環(huán)動作。表中序號與原理圖中一致。根據(jù)選定的液壓閥的流量,液壓缸進、出油管的直徑d按產(chǎn)品樣本,選用內(nèi)徑為15mm,外徑為19mm的10號冷拔鋼管。而對于溢流閥12,由于在工進過程之中,則可見將該溢流閥的壓力調(diào)為1MP。 液壓泵及電機的選取 液壓泵的選取液壓泵工作壓力的確定 ()是液壓執(zhí)行元件的最高工作壓力,對于本系統(tǒng),最高壓力是液壓缸入口壓力,是泵到執(zhí)行元件間總的管路損失。液壓泵的工作壓力為:液壓泵流量的確定 ()由工況圖可知,系統(tǒng)最大流量發(fā)生在壓緊缸快速下行過程中, 。這樣電動機功率還可降低一些。查產(chǎn)品樣本,選用3KW的電動機。通過對壓緊缸的型號以及具體的尺寸的確定,使得在折彎過程能夠壓緊零件且保壓,直到將零件折彎。(一) 加工工序的安排原則1. 先加工基準面,再加工其它表面;2. 一般情況下,先加工平面,后加工孔;3. 先加工主要表面,后加工次要表面;4. 先安排粗加工工序,后安排精加工工序。2. 為了消除內(nèi)應(yīng)力而進行的熱處理工序(如人工時效、退火、正火),最好安排在粗加工之后。4. 對于高精度精密零件,在淬火 ,淬火回火后安排冷處理,以穩(wěn)定零件的尺寸。在本設(shè)計之中,所需加工的零件很多,且各自要求所達到的精度也不一樣, 下面將折彎機中的導(dǎo)柱和壓緊塊兩零件為代表編寫其工藝卡。同時,當活動梁在導(dǎo)柱上上下移動時,導(dǎo)柱要有一定的強度與剛度,則導(dǎo)柱的材料選用45。對于導(dǎo)柱由于有一個面的粗糙度達到,則加工的路線可選為:粗車——半精車——淬火——粗磨——精磨先用查表法確定加工余量。計算個加工工序基本尺寸。具體的加工工序方案安排為:,直徑為60+6=66mm的的45號鋼。,使面A與B的粗糙度達到,且在兩端面上鉆中心孔。,半精車整個圓柱面。,從B面開始繼續(xù)半精車該段與面E,,。,以B面定位,從A面開始粗車。10. 以B面定位,從A面開始繼續(xù)半精車該段,半精車時刀具走過的距離為59mm,且從距B面50mm處開始加工退刀槽,退刀槽寬為9mm,與螺紋面之間的倒角為45度,半精車后,螺紋面的直徑為42mm。,精磨C,使其直徑為60mm。 壓緊塊的工藝安排壓緊塊在折彎機中是一很重要的零件,它在折彎機工作過程之中,常與折彎零件接觸,因此有一定的磨損,則需要選用45作材料。具體的加工工序方案為:,寬為310mm,厚為35mm的材料為45的鋼板。 壓緊塊結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖,寬為490mm的槽,由于加工該槽只是為了使零件在折起之后的凸起部分不與壓緊塊相干涉,故槽里的三面用粗刨就可以達到要求。,對壓緊塊鉆四個與活動梁相接觸的螺紋孔,直徑均為20mm,鉆孔后攻絲。,從活動梁上鉆兩個定位孔,直徑為5mm,同時從壓緊塊的下部進行擴孔,擴孔直徑為10mm,深為10mm。,但溫度不能太高,取38到42度就可。使其尺寸達到最終的要求以上即為壓緊塊的加工過程。結(jié) 論本文根據(jù)零件的特殊加工要求,設(shè)計了一套折彎機的制造方案。在液壓控制系統(tǒng)的選擇中,選取了帶有背壓閥的鎖緊回路來控制。帶有背壓閥主要是防止活塞突然前沖,產(chǎn)生激烈振動。所以這套設(shè)計方案無論是在經(jīng)濟實用方面,還是在安全方面都是一個很好的選擇。具體尺寸數(shù)據(jù)還需要通過專業(yè)書籍進行校正。 Prevention. Stillwater,OK,USA:FES,.[16][M] .中國機械工程學(xué)會、 中國機械設(shè)計大典編委會. 南昌. 江西科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社, 2007[17]劉品,[M]. 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社, 2004[18]于駿一,[M]. 機械工業(yè)出版社, 2004.[19][M]. 東華大學(xué)出版社, .[20]譚慶昌,趙洪志,曾平主編 機械設(shè)計[M] .吉林科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社, 2004.[21] of Elasticity. [M].McGvawHill,2006.[22][M].機械工業(yè)出版社,2004.致 謝緊張而又有序的畢業(yè)設(shè)計就要結(jié)束了。在這一個學(xué)期的設(shè)計過程中,劉長喜老師對我的設(shè)計提供了非常大的幫助,在這里深深的感謝您!從課題選擇、方案論證到具體設(shè)計和調(diào)試,無不凝聚著劉老師的心血和汗水。52附 錄Bending machine structure designingWith bending machine control system development, its function more and more plete, operating more and more convenient. Although with numerical control system for the control system of bending machine production efficiency, and will be high quality also is very good, but these for copper platoon and LvPai bend it, the consumption of cost is higher, solid we take the mon design structure, using hydraulic control system. Such not only can satisfy the production conditions also can save money. The knee bend machinepacked includes the support, the work table and the clamp board, the work table puts on the support, the work table by the foundation and the clamp constitution, the foundation is connected through the hinge and the clamp board, the foundation by the place shell, the coil and the lap is posed, the coil puts in the place shell hollowly, the hollow crown duplicate has the lap. When use by wire to coil circular telegram, after the circular telegram, has the attraction to the clamp, thus realizes to between the clamp and the foundation the thin steel plate clamp. Because has used the electromagnetic force clamp, causes the clamp to be possible to make many kinds of work piece requests, moreover may to have the sidewall work piece to carry on the processing, in the operation is also very simple. Anticipated customer before payment, should better flexure variable which, ponents aspects and so on bevelling radius from machine39。 or less than 85 176。 to keep excessive flex. Usually, free bending die in new bending machine produces the springback Angle acuities 2 176。. In the end, the concavoconvex trip mode between due a slightly higher than the material thickness clearance. Forming Angle to improve, because the number of bottom bend large (about four times for freedom bending), reduce the bending radius range usually cause rebound of stress. Stamped with a bottom bend same, just to bend the punch the frontend processing became need bending radius, and stroke bottom clearances between less than material thickness. Due to exert enough pressure (about ten times) free bending force of the punch frontend contact materials, basically avoided rebound. In order to select the lowest number specifications, preferably for greater than material thickness of bending radius to plan, and as far as possible using free bending method. Bending radius is bigger, often do not affect the quality of into pieces and its future use. precision Bending accuracy requirement is a requires careful consideration。 and cannot be changed, you must focus on CNC machine. CNC bending machine slider repeat precision is + inches, forming the precise angular must adopt such accuracy and good mold. Manual control bending machine slider repeat precision for + inches long, and in adopting appropriate mold conditions will typically produce + 2 ~ 3 176。 gauge lowcarbon steel plate bend, bending machine probably must exert extra pressure plate tons top up, and the operator must for 280 pounds of straight edge whereabouts prepared. Make the parts may need several strong workers even a crane. Bending machine operator often require bending the