【正文】 the corresponding power transmission equipment), establish tooling industry in an important position in the national economy. 1997 年以來，又相繼把模具及其加工技術(shù)和設(shè)備列入了《當(dāng)前國(guó)家重點(diǎn)鼓勵(lì)發(fā)展的產(chǎn)業(yè)、產(chǎn)品和技術(shù)目錄》和《鼓勵(lì)外商投資產(chǎn)業(yè)目錄》。 Approved by the State Council, from 1997 to 2000, more than 80 professional mold factory owned 70% VAT refund of preferential policies to support mold industry. 所有這些，都充分體現(xiàn)了國(guó)務(wù)院和國(guó)家有關(guān)部門對(duì)發(fā)展模具工業(yè)的重視和支持。 Mold around the world about the current annual output of 60 billion . dollars, Japan, the United States and other industrialized countries die of industrial output value of more than machine tool industry, beginning in 1997, China39。 According to statistics, home appliances, toys and other light industries, nearly 90% of the parts are integrated with production of chopsticks。 Such as aircraft manufacturing, the use of a certain type of fighter dies more than 30,000 units, of which the host 8000 sets, 2000 sets of engines, auxiliary 20 000 sets. 從產(chǎn)值看， 80 年代以來，美、日等工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家模具行業(yè)的產(chǎn)值已超過機(jī)床行業(yè)，并又有繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)。s, the United States, Japan and other industrialized countries die industry output value has exceeded the machine tool industry, and there are still rising. 據(jù)國(guó)際生產(chǎn)技術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)預(yù)測(cè)，到 2000 年，產(chǎn)品盡件粗加工的 75% 、精加工的 50 ％將由模具完成；金屬、塑料、陶瓷、橡膠、建材等工業(yè)制品大部分將由模具完成， 50 ％以上的金屬板材、 80 ％以上的塑料都特通過模具轉(zhuǎn)化成制品。 metals, plastics, ceramics, rubber, building materials and other industrial products, most of the mold will be pleted in more than 50% metal plates, more than 80% of all plastic products, especially through the mold into.模具的歷史發(fā)展 2 The historical development of mold模具的出現(xiàn)可以追溯到幾千年前的陶器和青銅器鑄造，但其大規(guī)模使用卻是隨著現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的掘起而發(fā)展起來的。 The 19th century, with the arms industry (gun39。 After World War II, with the rapid development of world economy, it became a mass production of household appliances, automobiles, electronic equipment, cameras, watches and other parts the best way. 從世界范圍看，當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)的沖壓技術(shù)走在前列——許多模具先進(jìn)技術(shù)，如簡(jiǎn)易模具、高效率模具、高壽命模具和沖壓自動(dòng)化技術(shù)，大多起源于美國(guó)；而瑞士的精沖、德國(guó)的冷擠壓技術(shù)，蘇聯(lián)對(duì)塑性加工的研究也處于世界先進(jìn)行列。 and Switzerland, fine blanking, cold in Germany extrusion technology, plastic processing of the Soviet Union are at the world advanced. 50 年代，模具行業(yè)工作重點(diǎn)是根據(jù)訂戶的要求，制作能滿足產(chǎn)品要求的模具。s, mold industry focus is based on subscriber demand, production can meet the product requirements of the mold. 模具設(shè)計(jì)多憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)，參考已有圖紙和感性認(rèn)識(shí)，對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)模具零件的機(jī)能缺乏真切了解。 From 1955 to 1965, is the pressure processing of exploration and development of the times the main ponents of the mold and the stress state of the function of a mathematical subbridge, and to continue to apply to onsite practical knowledge to make stamping technology in all aspects of a leap in development. 其結(jié)果是歸納出模具設(shè)計(jì)原則，并使得壓力機(jī)械、沖壓材料、加工方法、梅具結(jié)構(gòu)、模具材料、模具制造方法、自動(dòng)化裝置等領(lǐng)域面貌一新，并向?qū)嵱没姆较蛲七M(jìn)，從而使沖壓加工從儀能生產(chǎn)優(yōu)良產(chǎn)品的第一階段。 Into the 7039。 Continue to emerge in this process a variety of high efficiency, business life, highprecision multifunctional automatic school to help with. 其代表是多達(dá)別多個(gè)工位的級(jí)進(jìn)模和十幾個(gè)工位的多工位傳遞模。 On this basis, has developed both a continuous pressing station there are more slide forming station of the press bending machine. 在此期間，日本站到了世界最前列——其模具加工精度進(jìn)入了微米級(jí)，模具壽命，合金工具鋼制造的模具達(dá)到了幾千萬次，硬質(zhì)合金鋼制造的模具達(dá)到了幾億次 p 每分鐘沖壓次數(shù)，小型壓力機(jī)通常為 200 至 300 次，最高為 1200 次至 1500 次。s largest the mold into the micronlevel precision, die life, alloy tool steel mold has reached tens of millions of times, carbide steel mold to each of hundreds of millions of times p minutes for stamping the number of small presses usually 200 to 300, up to 1200 times to 1500 times. 在此期間，為了適應(yīng)產(chǎn)品更新快、用期短 ( 如汽車改型、玩具翻新等 ) 的需要，各種經(jīng)濟(jì)型模具，如鋅落合金模具、聚氨酯橡膠模具、鋼皮沖模等也得到了很大發(fā)展。 From the mid70s so far can be said that puteraided design, supporting the continuous development of manufacturing technology of the times. 隨著模具加工精度與復(fù)雜性不斷提高，生產(chǎn)周期不斷加快，模具業(yè)對(duì)設(shè)備和人員素質(zhì)的要求也不斷提高。 Rely on mon processing equipment, their experience and skills can not meet the needs of mold. 90 年代以來，機(jī)械技術(shù)和電子技術(shù)緊密結(jié)合，發(fā)展了 NC 機(jī)床，如數(shù)控線切割機(jī)床、數(shù)控電火花機(jī)床、數(shù)控銑床、數(shù)控坐標(biāo)磨床等。s, mechanical and electronic technologies in close connection with the development of NC machine tools, such as CNC wire cutting machine, CNC EDM, CNC milling, CNC coordinate grinding machine and so on. 而采用電子計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)編程、控制的 cNc 機(jī)床提高了數(shù)控機(jī)床的使用效率和范圍。 In recent years, has developed a puter to timesharing by the way a group of direct management and control of CNC machine tools NNC system.隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，計(jì)算機(jī)也逐步進(jìn)入模具生產(chǎn)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，包括設(shè)計(jì)、制造、管理等。 International Association for the Study of production forecasts to 2000, as a means of links between design and manufacturing drawings will lose its primary role. 模具自動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)的最根本點(diǎn)是必須確立模具零件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 To get rid of the people of the past, and practical experience to judge the position of the design center, we must take past experiences and ways of thinking, for series, numerical value, the number of typebased, as the design criteria to the puter store. 因?yàn)槟＞邩?gòu)成元件也干差萬別，要搞出一個(gè)能適應(yīng)各種零件的設(shè)計(jì)軟件幾乎不可能。 But some products do not change the shape of parts, mold structure has certain rules, can be summed up for the automatic design of software. 如日本某公司的 CDM 系統(tǒng)用于級(jí)進(jìn)模設(shè)計(jì)與制造，其中包括零件圖形輸入、毛坯展開、條料排樣、確定模板尺寸和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、繪制裝配圖和零件圖、輸出 NC 程序 ( 為數(shù)控加工中心和線切割編程 ) 等，所用時(shí)間由手工的 20% 、工時(shí)減少到 35 小時(shí)；從 80 年代初日本就將三維的 cad ／ cam 系統(tǒng)用于汽車覆蓋件模具。s CDM system for progressive die design and manufacturing, including the importation of parts of the figure, rough start, strip layout, determine the size and standard templates, assembly drawing and parts, the output NC program (for CNC machining Center and line cutting program), etc., used in 20% of the time by hand, reduce their working hours to 35 hours。 Currently, the physical parts scanning input, map lines and data input, geometric form, display, graphics, annotations and the data is automatically programmed, resulting in effective control machine tool control system of postprocessing documents have reached a high level。 Achieve network. 目前． Present. 國(guó)外僅有少數(shù)廠家能夠做到。采用模具生產(chǎn)零部件，具有生產(chǎn)效率高、質(zhì)量好、成本低、節(jié)約能源和原材料等一系列優(yōu)點(diǎn)，用模具生產(chǎn)制件所具備的高精度、高復(fù)雜程度、高一致性、高生產(chǎn)率和低消耗，是其他加工制造方法所不能比擬的?，F(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)。1989年3月國(guó)務(wù)院頒布的《關(guān)于當(dāng)前產(chǎn)業(yè)政策要點(diǎn)的決定》中，把模具列為機(jī)械工業(yè)技術(shù)改造序列的第一位、生產(chǎn)和基本建設(shè)序列的第二位(僅次于大型發(fā)電設(shè)備及相應(yīng)的輸變電設(shè)備)，確立模具工業(yè)在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的重要地位。經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)，從1997年到2000年，對(duì)80多家國(guó)有專業(yè)模具廠實(shí)行增值稅返還70%的優(yōu)惠