【正文】 an be valued different at different times. Goods often stop during the transfer process, which is professionally called the storage of logistics. It creates the time value for goods.(1)創(chuàng)造時間價值:同種商品因所處時間的不同而有著不同的價值。儲存創(chuàng)造了商品的時間價值。這種因商品流轉(zhuǎn)過程中而產(chǎn)生的附加增值稱之為物流的場所價值。物流中經(jīng)常提到的“分割成更小的部分”就是配送加工中最為常見的形式。2. Logistics is a new mercial area, developing from the traditional stage to a modern one. The main differences between these two stage include:物流作為新興的商務(wù)領(lǐng)域,經(jīng)歷了從傳統(tǒng)物流向現(xiàn)代物流發(fā)展的兩個階段。商品物流往往從包裝開始,而后經(jīng)歷運輸、儲存和配送等過程。以物流基礎(chǔ)模數(shù)尺寸600400MM為基礎(chǔ),制定出物流模數(shù)尺寸12001000MM,并將其放大至25912438MM,即形成集裝箱的高度與寬度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺寸。(2) Information technologies are most important for modern logistics. Bar Code, POS, EDI and GPS systems dramatically improve the efficiency and accuracy of the logistics activities. Internet further assists the market development, operation and management of the logistics industry.(2)信息技術(shù)在現(xiàn)代物流中尤其重要。而互聯(lián)網(wǎng)更加有助于物流管理的市場開發(fā)、運營和管理。這種趨勢仍將持續(xù)。整合物流管理和成本分析將更加復(fù)雜和困難。因此，當(dāng)涉足國際貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域時，企業(yè)必須建立國際物流系統(tǒng)以提供需要的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)。. Packaging performs two basic functions–marketing and logistics. In marketing the packaging acts promotion and advertising. Its size, weight, color, and printed information attract customers and convey knowledge of the product. When firms are involved in international marketing, packaging bees even more important. Products sold to foreign countries travel greater distances and undergo more handling operations. The logistics package is to protect the products during the process of logistics.包裝。就市場營銷而言，包裝承擔(dān)促銷和廣告的功能。當(dāng)企業(yè)涉足國際市場營銷時，包裝就顯得更為重要。而物流包裝在物流過程中起到了保護產(chǎn)品的作用。物流過程中的活動也應(yīng)當(dāng)包括高效快速地對廢棄物進行裝卸、運輸和倉儲。Return goods handling. The handling of return goods is often called reverse distribution. Buyers may return items to the seller for a number of reasons. Most logistics systems are not good enough to handle such cases. In many industries, consumers return products for warranty repair, replacement, or recycling, reverse distribution costs may be very high. Reverse distribution will bee more important as customers demand more flexible and favorable return policies.退貨處理。買方可能因各種原因?qū)a(chǎn)品退回賣方。在很多行業(yè)，消費者因維修保證、更換或回收而退回產(chǎn)品，因而反向配送的成本可能會很高。 Part Logistics ( TPL) 第三方物流Third Part Logistics provides all the logistics services. They act as a bridge or facilitator between the first part( supplier or producer) and the second part( buyer or customer). The primary objectives of third part logistics providers are to lower the total cost of logistics for the supplier and improve the service level to the customer.第三方物流提供了所有的物流活動。第三方物流提供商的基本目標(biāo)是降低供應(yīng)商的整體物流成本，提高顧客服務(wù)水平。成本降低和對更好更便宜的服務(wù)的需求是增長背后的動力。（第三方物流發(fā)展的）其它原因如下：* The pany does not specialize in logistics。* 企業(yè)自身沒有足夠的物流資源* Eager to implement better logistics operation or does not have time to develop the required capabilities in–house。* 企業(yè)正投資一項新領(lǐng)域，該領(lǐng)域有著不同的物流需求* Merger or acquisition may make outsourcing logistics operations more attractive than to integrate logistics operations.* 外包物流運營可能比整合物流運營更加有吸引力 Logistics 全球物流Developed countries often deal with globalization in two ways: to be more cost petitive with third world countries, and to look for new partners in other countries to manufacture ponents, subassemblies and even the final products. The second approach forces most developed countries to get into a new area called “ global logistics”.發(fā)達國家常在兩個方面實施全球化:在第三世界國家謀求更大的成本優(yōu)勢,以及在其他國家尋找新的合作伙伴生產(chǎn)零配件、半成品甚至制成品。Benefits of global operations include cheap raw materials and end products, lower labor cost, better quality, increased internal petition and better customer service. Some of the disadvantages are unreliable delivery, poor munication and longer time from design to finish production. Challenges are often cultural and linguistic differences, legal requirements, logistics suppliers or manufacturers, exchange rates.全球經(jīng)營的利益包括(獲得)廉價的原材料和終端產(chǎn)品,降低的勞動成本,更好的質(zhì)量,提升國際競爭力以及更好的客戶服務(wù)。面臨的挑戰(zhàn)經(jīng)常來自于文化和語言的差異,法律要求,物流支持,尋求合適的全球供應(yīng)商或生產(chǎn)商,外匯匯率等。 into the Future 物流走向未來Logistics is changing at a rapid and acceleration rate. There are two reasons are its rapid growth: 物流正以高速改變著。(1) Be flexible in handling markets of different sizes for better petition(1)為了謀求更大競爭力,對于不同規(guī)模市場的處理需要有靈活性(2) There is increasing specialization in markets and growth in retailing.(2)市場規(guī)格和零售增長的大幅度提升(3) Life cycles for products are shortening. Logistics systems need to be more efficient, faster and more flexible(3) 產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)周期縮短。這些系統(tǒng)能使企業(yè)從一種產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)迅速轉(zhuǎn)向另一種產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)(5) Competitive pressures lead to more efforts to improve customer service.(5)競爭的壓力導(dǎo)致企業(yè)更加努力地提高客戶服務(wù)水平。分離的經(jīng)銷部門得協(xié)調(diào)與貨物配送管理(PDM)相關(guān)的所有過程的管理。至20世紀(jì)70年代晚期,很多企業(yè)業(yè)已建立了“物流部門”以全權(quán)負責(zé)與生產(chǎn)運作相關(guān)的上游和下游產(chǎn)品的搬運、倉儲和裝卸等。隨著20世紀(jì)90年代早期業(yè)務(wù)流程再造(BPR)的出現(xiàn),物流及其相關(guān)功能的關(guān)系被重新定義。功能交叉整合應(yīng)該大幅度實現(xiàn).24 / 24