新概念第一冊(cè)語法匯總-閱讀頁
2025-07-11 13:30本頁面
【正文】 ot make the tea. Sally cannot air the room. We cannot speak English.★肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, he can. / No, he cannot. Yes, she can. /2）must/have to的區(qū)別 must 表示必須，是主觀上覺得應(yīng)該做，have to是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做 must 只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)3）must, may, might表示猜測(cè)： must have done表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)的猜測(cè) may/might do, may/might have done表示沒有任何事實(shí)依據(jù)的猜測(cè)，might的可能性更小。t/couldn39。? need在否定時(shí)做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用：You needn’t go so early. (=You don’t need to go so early.)Must I clean the desk right now? No, you needn’t.不定代詞及不定副詞some, any, no, everything: something, anything, nothing, everythingone: someone, anyone, anything, everyonewhere: somewhere, anywhere, anywhere, everywherebody: somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody例子：1）I looked for my book everywhere, but I can’t find it anywhere.2）If you want to go somewhere, if you want to be someone, you must wake up.3）Help! Somebody? Anybody?4）You are really something. 你真了不起！（口語中常用 something來表示“真像回事兒”，“真行”的意思）5）Since everybody is here, let’s begin our class.6）Where did you go? I went nowhere.7）Nobody is at home.感嘆句：1） What +名詞+主語+謂語What a beautiful girl she is!What tall buildings they are!2） How +形容詞+主語+謂語How beautiful the girl is!How tall the buildings are!? 在口語中，感嘆句的主語和謂語常常省略：What a nice present!（省略it is）How disappointed!（省略she is或其它可作本句主、謂的詞語）祈使句表示請(qǐng)求、命令、建議、邀請(qǐng)等，謂語動(dòng)詞一律用原型，句子中通常不用主語，句末用驚嘆好或者句號(hào)，用降調(diào)。t+動(dòng)詞原型Don39。t sit down.Don39。t give me it.let sb. do 讓某人做Let me pass.Let us have a rest.Let39。s have a walk along the river, shall we?Let us go out for a drink, will you?t go to class. Neither did I.結(jié)構(gòu)： so/neither+be+ 主語 so/neither+助動(dòng)詞+ 主語 so/neither+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ 主語助動(dòng)詞： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): do, does/am, is, are 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): am, is, are 一般過去時(shí): did 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): have, has 一般將來時(shí): will, shall 過去進(jìn)行時(shí): was, were 過去完成時(shí): had 過去將來時(shí): would直接引語/間接引語如果引語的主句所用動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，那么間接引語要做相應(yīng)變化：時(shí)態(tài)，人稱，時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞1） 時(shí)態(tài)變化： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)——一般過去時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)——過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)——過去完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)——過去完成時(shí) 一般將來時(shí)——過去將來時(shí) be going to——was/were going to/would cancould maymight2） 時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞的變化： herethere, tomorrowthe next day, the following day, thisthat…3） 人稱變化：根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q。所以間接賓語要用名詞或者賓格代詞來擔(dān)當(dāng)。 toy→toys 規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es . fox→foxes potato→potatoes 規(guī)則4 以f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe為ves . life→lives study→studies3）動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式 規(guī)則1 一般情況+s . likelikes, looklooks 規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es . dodoes, catchcatches 規(guī)則3 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es . carrycarries, flyflies4）動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞 規(guī)則1 一般動(dòng)詞加ing . looklooking, playplaying 規(guī)則2 以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e加ing . makemaking, taketaking, arrivearriving 規(guī)則3 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加ing 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化 規(guī)則1 一般動(dòng)詞加ed . looklooked, watchwatched, playplayed 規(guī)則2 以e結(jié)尾的加d . makemaked, arrivearrived 規(guī)則3 以輔音字母加結(jié)尾的變y為i加ed crycried, carrycarried 規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加ed 過去式的讀音 在清輔音后面（除外）讀/t/ . walked, jumped 在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/ . washed, watched 在/t/，/d/后讀/id/ . waited, hated6）形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) 規(guī)則1 一般加er . highhigher 規(guī)則2 以結(jié)尾加r nicenicer 規(guī)則3 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加er busybusier 規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫輔音字母再加er fatfatter 規(guī)則1 一般加est . highhighest 規(guī)則2 以結(jié)尾加st nicenicet 規(guī)則3 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加est busybusiest 規(guī)則4 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫輔音字母再加est fatfattest7）常見縮寫： is=39。m are=39。t /iznt/ are not=aren39。t does not=doesn39。s did not=didn39。t have=39。s have not=haven39。t will=39。 will not=won39。t
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