【正文】
實(shí)際成本曲線和實(shí)際完成目標(biāo)成本曲線 用于在項(xiàng)目施工過程中,可以及時(shí)知道當(dāng)前的“成本變率”: 成本變率 = (累計(jì)實(shí)際成本支出 – 累計(jì)完成目標(biāo)成本值)/累計(jì)完成目標(biāo)成本值*100%(當(dāng)成本變率為正時(shí),表示成本超支;為負(fù)時(shí),表示節(jié)余)(5)目標(biāo)成本流的“S”型曲線 可以綜合的估計(jì)項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃實(shí)現(xiàn)均衡施工的程度,曲線斜率較小,說明施工比較均衡,反之則高峰期工作呈過于集中,它可以利用工序浮動(dòng)時(shí)間對(duì)目標(biāo)成本流曲線進(jìn)行調(diào)整,使之在資金積壓、計(jì)劃余地和均衡施工方面取得較滿意的結(jié)果。(7) 實(shí)際成本支出曲線的動(dòng)態(tài)變化曲線與相應(yīng)的目標(biāo)成本曲線比較,可以控制項(xiàng)目的財(cái)務(wù)和進(jìn)度狀況。6 結(jié) 論 本文將目標(biāo)成本管理與作業(yè)成本引入工程項(xiàng)目的進(jìn)度和成本控制,應(yīng)用工作結(jié)構(gòu)分解(WBS)的方法,將項(xiàng)目總目標(biāo)成本分解到項(xiàng)目的各個(gè)子項(xiàng)目或工序上,并建立了項(xiàng)目費(fèi)用單元和作業(yè)單元的關(guān)系矩陣,使成本分解更趨于合理。同時(shí),在成本分解的基礎(chǔ)上建立了一系列成本曲線,提供了有關(guān)項(xiàng)目成本和進(jìn)度偏差的警報(bào),實(shí)現(xiàn)了利用目標(biāo)成本管理對(duì)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度的動(dòng)態(tài)控制。 參考文獻(xiàn): [1] 張宿 工程項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)成本與進(jìn)度控制研究[D]. 北京:北京航空航天大學(xué),1998 [2] 周朝琦,侯龍文,孫學(xué)軍等. 目標(biāo)成本管理[M]. 北京:經(jīng)濟(jì)管理出版社,2000. [3] Cooper R, W b Chew Control tomorrow’s cost through today’s desgin[J]. Harvard Business Review,1996,74(1):8889[4] L Sunde S Lichtenberg Netpresent—Value Cost/Time Tradeoff[J]. Project Management,1995, 13(1): 4549 Project Object Cost and Time Control Reseach Abstract: The control method of the cost and schedule of project has meet some challenges for the market is changing day by day,in order to obtain the benefit of project and confirm the control of project ,the paper uses the result of our reseache—the method of Target Cost Management and ActivityBased Cost Management to depose the project’s total object cost to every activity , and makes target cost as resources as time ,then obtain a cost matrix. Through the pute of cost deviation and cost variant rate, one can control both cost and schedule of every activity, then the total target cost and schedule of project can be controled.Key Words: project management。 ActivityBased Cost Management