【正文】 a particular social class or status group. A language is typically posed of a number of dialects. Register is defined according to the use of language. It is a technical term used to describe a language variety that is associated with a particular topic, the interpersonal relationship between the speaker and the hearer, and the speech channel. Registers can identify speakers as being members of a particular group, and are for that reason often labeled jargon.Ex2. Yes, there should be some differences. When scientists are talking about IT among themselves, technical terms may be used. Yet, when they talk to little children, they may try to use vocabulary easy for the children to understand. They may avoid technical terms. Ethnic VarietiesOmitted Language and Culture The Relationship between Language and Culture, pg 213Ex1. SapirWhorf hypothesis is a hypothesis associated with the American scholars Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf. The hypothesis assumes that people’s habitual thought patterns and ways of perceiving the world are conditioned to a certain extent by the categories and distinctions that are available to them in their native language. Speakers of different languages may therefore have rather different worldviews, depending on how different the languages are from one another semantically and grammatically. The Study of Language and CultureOmitted Language Change Causes of Language ChangeEx1. An individual can not change language. Although language is changing with the lapse of time, the change is beyond the will of an individual. Language change is a constant and unavoidable fact of life. It must obtain the agreement and acceptance from speakers of the language munity. Moreover, the change of a language often has political, social and economic reasons.Ex2. It is true that more and more technical terms are used in every life. The distinction between technical terms and mon daily vocabulary is getting blurt. For example, “catalyst” is a chemical term, but is now used in daily munication, as in “Nixon’s visit to China acted as a catalyst for normalization of the relations between the two countries.” So it the case with the Chinese “催化劑”. Lexical Change, pg220Ex1. a) Email: This word es from the Internet technology. It means mail sent by way of the Internet. b) GSM: this is the abbreviated form for Global System for Mobile Telemunications. c) Cyberspace: This word es from the network technology, referring to the universe of environments, such as the Internet, in which persons interact by means of connected puters. boon, damsel, eventide. Sound Change Omitted Syntactical change Omitted Language Planning Standard LanguageOmitted National Language and Official LanguageOmittedChapter 8 Language Acquisition and Thought First Language Acquisition Difference between Acquisition and FL Learning, pg229Ex1. In a general sense, ‘a(chǎn)cquisition’ is synonymous with ‘learning’. Yet, in a specific sense, acquisition involves the spontaneous development of rule internalization that relies on natural language use. It is often ‘natural’, without focus on form. Foreign language ‘learning’ is conscious, and metalinguistic through formal schoollike settings in the process. The output of acquisition is in the learner’s mind and s/he has access to it for automatic processing and uninhibited performance. On the contrary, foreign language learning requires time for processing, with focus on linguistic form in addition to knowledge of rules of use. Development of First Language Acquisition Second Language Acquisition Major Features of Second Language Acquisition. In the language classroom, the learning can takes places through the teacher’s classroom management and through classroom such as debates, storytelling, group discussions and roleplaying. Thus, language learners can be motivated. Language classroom can provide the prehensible input with the teacher’s presentation and the interactive activities among the students. It can give the learner feedback and the learners may respond to the feedback one way or another. Although most language classroom lays stress on the explicit teaching of linguistic forms, it assists L2 learners, especially beginners, by giving opportunities for them to receive modified prehensible input that are particularly suited to their current stage of L2 development. In addition, both teaching materials and methods can be tuned to meet the needs of the learner.Ex2. Neither of them are correct English expressions. In (a), the relative pronoun at the beginning of the attributive clause is missing, and in (b), the agreement between subject and the predicate is violated. Besides, the definite article the is missing in the prepositional phrase “in evening”. All this shows that the learner may be influenced by the grammatical patterns of his mother tongue. The Chinese learner of English speaking a language with a syntax dissimilar to that of English tends to have more difficulty with articles and relative clauses. For example, in Chinese, we don’t have to have articles before a noun. . Internal and External FactorsEx1. The learner’s ethnic background, gender, and social status can be said to be the major social factors which can influence the process of L2 learning. They can act as the determinant of the input that learners receive, and what variety of the target language the learner will be exposed to and also the amount of exposure. Language and Thought The Relationship between Language and Thought Omitted. Psychological Realities OmittedChapter 9 Linguistics and Language Teaching Approaches to Language Teaching An Overview of Language Teaching, pg249Ex1. The structural approach to language teaching takes a structural basis. As the structural linguistics is based on the assumption that grammatical categories should be defined not in terms of meaning but in