【正文】 have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make現(xiàn)在分詞強調(diào)動作正在進行，尚未完成I found her listening to the radio.過去分詞動賓關(guān)系。區(qū)別舉例不定式與被修飾詞往往有動賓關(guān)系，一般式表示將來，進行式表示與謂語動作同時發(fā)生，完成式表示在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生I have a lot of papers to type.I have a lot of papers to be typed.動名詞通常指被修飾詞的用途，無邏輯上的任何關(guān)系Shall we go to the swimming pool?現(xiàn)在分詞與被修飾詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，表示動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生the boiling water / the boiled waterthe developing country/the developed countrythe falling leaves / the fallen leaves過去分詞與被修飾詞之間是被動關(guān)系，表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，現(xiàn)已經(jīng)完成V. 非謂語動詞做主語和表語的區(qū)別：做表語有時可和主語交換位置，而且意義不變，并且還能用what來提問主語或表語。It is no use saying that again and again.Teaching is my job.分詞無名詞的性質(zhì)，不能做主語。現(xiàn)在分詞多含有“令人…”之意，說明主, 語的性質(zhì)特征，多表示主動，主語多為物。The situation is encouraging.The book is well written.(常見分詞有astonishing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring, amusing及其ed形式)九．定語從句I. 定語從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個名詞或代詞。關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系代詞who人主語Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which和that在從句中做賓語時，?？梢允÷裕樵~提前時后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人賓語Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war..whose人，物定語I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that人，物主語，賓語A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主語，賓語The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人，物主語，賓語He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做賓語一般不省略關(guān)系副詞when時間時間狀語I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on whichwhere地點地點狀語This is the house where I was born.可用in whichwhy原因原因狀語I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for whichII. that與which, who, whom的用法區(qū)別：情況用法說明例句只用that的情況1． 先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時。3． 先行詞本身是that時，關(guān)系詞用which, 先行詞為those, one, he時多用who。如果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后，并無“正如”的意思。The accident happened at the time when I left.非限制性定語從句　對先行詞作附加的說明，與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，較松散。His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.十一。地點狀語where, wherever條件狀語if, unless, once, in case, as long as, on condition that從句中動詞時態(tài)不可用將來時，常用一般時代替目的狀語so that, in order that, for fear thatso that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情態(tài)動詞結(jié)果狀語so…that, such…that方式狀語as if, as though, asas if 和as though引導(dǎo)的從句一般用虛擬語氣。十二。He can play the piano. So can i.用于表示祝愿的祈使句中May you be in good health!省略if的虛擬條件Were I you, I would not do it in this way.十三。主語從句在It is necessary / important / strange that…, It is suggested / demanded / ordered / requested that… 等從句中，謂語動詞用should+動詞原形It is strange that such a person should be our friends.其它句型中It is time that…句型中動詞用過去式或should+動詞原形It’s high time that we left.would rather所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去完成式I would rather you stayed at home now.If only句型中動詞常用過去式或者過去完成式，表示強烈的愿望If only our dream had e true!十四。 It was not until midnight that he finished his task.2. The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.4. May you be in good health!6. The professor was a humorous man with big nose and deepset eyes.8. He lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky and his hands under his head.10. Sitting under the tree are Mr. Green and his first teacher.11. On the wall hang two pictures of famous scientists.12. Looking back upon those past years, he couldn’t help feeling very proud.13. No sooner(Hardly) had he arrived at the theatre than(when) the play started.14. Young as he is, he has learned advanced mathematics.15. How I regret the hours wasted in the woods and fields!16. There stands a beautiful vase in the corner of the room.17. Ten miles north of the town lies a paper factory.18. There goes the bell.19. Nowhere has the world ever seen such a bird as here.20. It is no use crying for help.21. If only I had been your student in the middle school!22. It is believed that such a thing will not happen again.23. Only when he explained did I realize the reason for this.24. “So he does, and so do you.”25. Such was Albert Einstein, a simple person of great achievements.十五。 add … to把…加進… add up to總計，所有這一切說明t think these facts will ________ anything. 3) The music _________ our enjoyment of the film. ( add up to, added to, add to, added…up )2. break away from打破，脫離，掙脫，改掉 break off暫停，中斷 break into闖入break into pieces成為碎片 break up搗碎，驅(qū)散，瓦解，學(xué)期結(jié)束，拆散 1) The criminal managed to break _______ 2) When he heard the news, he broke _______ and cried.t break ________ while others are speaking.t you break ________ for a few minutes and have some coffee? 6) After harvest we break _________ the soil with a tool pulled by two oxen. bring about造成 bring in引入，引進，掙錢 bring down使下降，使倒下 2) The school has brought _________ new foreign teachers to teach oral English. 4) Do you know what brought ___________ this misunderstanding? 6) We decided to bring the matter ___ at the next meeting. 8) Next month they will the book.( down, in, back, about, up, up, down, out )4. call on號召，拜訪（某人） call for去叫某人, 要求, 需要 call out大喊，高叫 1) Doctors are often called _____ in the middle of the war.ll call _______ you at your house at seven tonight. 4) He called her name __________, but she didn39。 5) The sports meet was called ____ on account of the rain. e down下跌，落，降，傳下來 e into (sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect) e out出版，結(jié)果是 e to達到 (an end/an agreement/a stop)蘇醒，合計，總共是 e up發(fā)芽，走近 e back回想起 1) I e _________ the book I lent you last month. 3) It suddenly came _________ to me where I had seen the boy before. 5) He came __________ me like a tiger. 7) The word came __________ use many years ago.160