【正文】 ning large numbers of dynamically interacting ponents where tight coupling allows disruptions or dysfunctional interacting in one part of the system to have farranging ripping effects.對于含有大量動態(tài)交互組件的系統(tǒng)，其組建的機密耦合度使得系統(tǒng)中某部分的瓦解或作用功能紊亂波及到系統(tǒng)范圍而產(chǎn)生影響，軟件在這里是一個重要因素，他是我們能夠?qū)ο到y(tǒng)實施更加綜合、多回路的控制。10. Individuals no longer have the ability to control the risks around them and are demanding that government assume greater responsibility for controlling behavior through laws and various forms of oversight and regulation.個人不在有控制他們周圍風險的能力，他們要求政府通過法律和各種形式的監(jiān)督、規(guī)章來承擔更多控制行為的責任。Unit5 such a case，it is beneficial if the person responsible for the organizing the safety activities knows how to utilize external services provided ,for example, by example ,by the insurance panies or safety authorities.鑒于這種情況，如果負責組織安全活動得的人員知道如何利用保險公司活安全機構等外部服務機構是有益的。7） The idea of participatory design is based on earlier, mainly Japanese, production development methods like production cells ,teamwork ,justintime ,Kanab ,and qualitycircles 鼓勵參與設計的想法基于日本早期的產(chǎn)品研發(fā)理念，如在生產(chǎn)單元，團隊協(xié)作、及時化生產(chǎn)、看板管理以及品質(zhì)圈活動等。Unit 61. Surveillance of the rates and risks of occupational injures are largely dependent on case records derived from workers’ pensation and insurance claims and national OHS incident report 。3. In response, a prototype decision aid, incorporating prescribed scaffold regulations and safety management best practices, was developed and is currently being tested to address both of these ，已經(jīng)建立并正在測試結合了腳手架法規(guī)和安全管理最佳做法的輔助決策模式。5. Commonly，the impetus for the production of these products is the tightening of legislation and guidelines by the natural and international regulating bodies responsible for ，這些產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量的推進源于國內(nèi)外負責職業(yè)健康與安全的管理機構對法規(guī)或指南的加強。7. Nothing that such explosions have increased since the adoption of aluminum regulators in preference to brass, the researchers, in collaboration with the US Food and Drug Administration and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ,have developed and tested a provisional America Society for Testing and Materials ：自從優(yōu)先采用鋁制而不是黃銅制校準儀，這樣的爆炸就有所增加，他們與美國食品和藥物管理局和美國國家航空航天局合作，相繼開發(fā)和測試了美國材料與試驗協(xié)會的一個臨時標準。 Unit7 you are considering any change in the workplace, a thorough analysis of the change is essential before implementation in order to head off a ，為了避免出現(xiàn)問題，在執(zhí)行變更前應對其進行徹底的分析。 design that appears to enhance productivity and appears delightful to the management may be a poor management decision when reviewed from a risk point of ，一個看上去提高產(chǎn)量、有助于管理的設計方案有可能是一個不妥的管理決策。 cannot blindly rely on equipment manufacturers to analyze and design guarding, controls, or safe procedures to fit your specific 、安全設計、控制或設定安全程序以符合你的特殊要求。7. In addition, their skills may have been onjob training and passed down from employee along with undesired atrisk ，他們的這些技能可能存在于崗位培訓中，連同一些不期望的風險事件在員工與員工之間傳遞。Unit8 1. the average person can receive critical injuries as a result of even very short exposures to everyday 240volt single phase alternating current supply voltage.一般來說，人們接觸到的日常的240伏單相交流電壓，即使暴露時間 非常短暫，身體也會遭受到嚴重危害。3. new installation work requires the licensed electrical contractor and/or the registered electrical worker carrying out the work to plete the Electrical Certificate of Compliance.新的安裝工作需要有資質(zhì)的電器承包商和/或注冊電氣中作人員來完成以實現(xiàn)“電器合格證書”的要求。5. before the connection of a new supply of electricity can be made,it is the employer’s responsibility to ensure that a petent person in hazard management has been through the process prior to the supply of electricity to a new installation.在新的供電聯(lián)網(wǎng)前，雇主有責任決定指定一名有能力勝任危險管理工作的人士確保在新安裝部分供電前對整個過程進行檢查。7. a puter person can undertake the hazard management process by way of visual checks for mechanical or other damage that does not require work on the electrical installation.有能力的人士對機械或其他損壞通過視覺檢查的方式開展危險管理工作，這些并不需要在電氣安裝工程中去實現(xiàn)。9. based on the work environment and principle of hazard management, an employer, in consultation with employees, should determine the frequency necessary for ongoing inservice fixedwiring installation checks.根據(jù)環(huán)境工作的危險管理原則，雇主與雇員應為正在進行的固定布線安裝協(xié)商確定必要的檢查頻率。11. it is also a requirement of the Regulations that employers have a petent person performing inspection and checks using the hazard management process on any existing electric fixwiring installation at a proposed workplace or location prior to occupation.法規(guī)同樣要求任何存在固定線路電氣裝置安裝的工作場所或地點在投入使用前，雇主應安排能勝任的人士采用風險管理流程進行檢驗和檢查。13. an additional safety precaution is that all conductive(metal etc)parts are connected to the protective earthling conductor of the flexible supply cord and the connected to the earthling of the fixed wiring installation.附加的安全防范措施是，所有導電（金屬等）部分先與花線的接地保護導體鏈接，然后在連接到固定線路接地裝置。 9.Unit 91. A confined space is any area that is not intended for human occupancy and that also has the potential for containing a dangerous 。3. Where it is necessary to enter the space to remove sludge etc. which is liable to give off dangerous fumes, suitable breathing apparatus and, where practicable, a safety line should be worn, and rescue equipment and personnel should be ，由于可能釋放出危險性氣體，所以有必要準備適當?shù)暮粑b置，如有可能，安全繩索、救援設備和救援人員都應予以安置。5. A permit is essentially a document which sets out the work to be done and the precautions to be ，該文件列出了需要做的工作和要采取的預防措施。7. Typically，a winch has a mechanical advantage of between 2:1 and 6:1, which makes it possible for a worker to be quickly extracted from the confined space should the need ，機械增益在2:1到6:1之間的絞盤機，可快速地使工人從受限空間提升出來。