【正文】
e of Impact by Key Role Players Estimate of Impact by Key Role Players % Program Contributed to Improvement Confidence of Statement as % Factor Total Improvement (annualized)– Value Contribution to Improvement 60 % (.6) 40% (.4) .24 1000 240 60 % (.6) 40% (.4) .24 1000 240 50% (.5) 50% (.5) .25 1000 250 Estimate of Impact by Key Role Players The process can be expanded to include: Supervisors Management Other stakeholders Expert Input ? Select carefully, based on their knowledge of the process and situation。 ? Will probably use techniques that most training practitioners can implement。 ? If linked to skills transfer it could be worthwhile。 ? It could be possible for them to estimate how much of an improvement can be attributed to the intervention。 ? The input is usually obtained through surveys or interviews. When the survey results show significant changes in participant behavior after training and no significant change in the general work climate, the improvement in work performance, therefore, must be attributed to the changes in supervisor behavior since other factors remained constant。 ? Often subordinates may have difficulty in determining changes in the work climate. However, in some cases, subordinates are aware of the factors that caused changes in their work unit and can provide input about the magnitude or quantity of changes. When bined with other methods to isolate impact, this process has increased credibility. Obtaining Input From a Target Group ? In some situations it could be feasible to calculate the impact of factors (other than the intervention) that influenced the improvement and then conclude that the intervention is credited with the remaining portion。 ? The method is appropriate when the other factors are easily identified and the appropriate mechanisms are in place to calculate their impact on the improvement。 ? Availability of historical data。 ? Capability and willingness to estimate impact。 ? Reputation of the source of the study。 ? Personal bias of audience。 ? Assumptions made in the analysis。 ? Type of dat