【正文】 which one of the four choices best pletes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%10=20%) 1. The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed as _____linguistics. A. applied B. diachronic C. parative D. synchronic structural approach to the analysis of language was started by __________.. A. Bloomfield B. Saussure C. Chomsky D. J. Searle 3. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop? 13 A.[p] B.[m] C.[b] D.[t] 4. The words“make” and “bus” are called _________because they can occur unattached. A. derivational morphemes B .inflectional morphemes C. bound morphemes D. free morphemes 5. The pair of words “l(fā)end” and “borrow” are__________. A. gradable antonymy B. converse antonymy C. synonyms D. cohyponyms 6. The semantic ponents of the word “man” can be expressed as _________. A.＋ animate,＋ human,＋ male,－ adult B.＋ animate,＋ human,－ male,－ adult C.＋ animate,＋ human,＋ male,＋ adult D.—animate,＋ human,－ male,－ adult 7. What kind of function does the sentence “How do you do?” have ? A. Directive B. Phatic C. Informative D. Evocative 8. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as___________. A. lexical words B. grammatical words C. function words D. form words 9. What is the construction of the sentence “The boy smiled”? A. Exocentric B. Endocentric C. Coordinate D. Subordinate 10. The branch of linguistics that studies meaning of language in context is called ____________ A. semantics B. sociolinguistics C. pragmatics D. psycholinguistics II. Fill in the blanks Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%10=10%) 14 1 Chomsky defines petence as the ideal user39。s being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 1 Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c . 1 Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is→he39。 perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life. ( ) All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language. IV. Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%10=30%) 3 duality 3 diachronic linguistics 3 broad transcription 3 morphological rules 3 phrase structure rule 3 relational opposites 3 ponential analysis 3 context 3 euphemism 16 brain lateralization V. Answer the following questions. (10%2=20%) 4 Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples in English for illustration. 42. Explain sociological triggers for language change by giving a typical example in the history of English. 試題（三）參考答案 I. Multiple Choice (20%) 15： B B A D B 610： C B A A C 二、 Fill in the blanks(10%) 1 knowledge 1 bilabial 1 morphology 1 sentence 1 plete 1 representatives 1 coinage 1 delete 1 critical interlanguage 三、 T or F (20%) 2 F 17 Actually modern linguistics lays more emphasis on the spoken form of language than the written form for a number of reasons. 2 F Voicing distinguishes meaning in English but not in Chinese. 2 F The meaning of some pound words has nothing to do with the sum total of the meanings of their ponents, such as the pound redcoat. 2 F Apart from S and C, they also refer to a word, or a phrase that performs a particular grammatical function. 2 F Dialectal synonyms can often be found not only in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but also within the variety itself. For example, within British English, girl is called lassie in Scottish dialect, and liquor is called whishey in Irish dialect. 2 T 2 T 2 F They have a fairly clear fairly clear functional differentiation, . one language may be used in some domains, other language in other domains. 2 F The true statement is According to the strong version of the SapirWhorf hypothesis, language determines speakers39。 4 Sociological triggers for language change refer to such radical sociopolitical changes as wars, invasions, occupation, colonialization, and language planning and standardization policies. A typical example in the history of English is the Norman Conquest, a military event that marked the dawning of the Middle English period. This means that Middle English began with the arrival of the Norman French invaders in English under William the Conqueror in 1066. And for about a century and a half after the Norman Conquest, French remained as the language of the ruling class, as far as literature and administration were concerned. So Middle English was deeply influenced by Norman French in vocabulary and grammar. For example, such terms as army, court, defense, faith, prison and tax came from the language of the French rulers. 評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：滿分 10 分，其中定義占 3 分，典型例子占 5 分，例詞占 2 分 20 試題（四） I. Directions : Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best pletes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%10=20%) 1. Displacement benefits human beings by giving them the power to handle _____. A. arbitrariness and creativity B. generalizations and abstractions C. interpersonal relationship D. performative functions 2. Using language for the sheer joy of using it shows that language has a _____ function. A. recreational B. metalingual C. informative D. performative 3. Accor