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mans carry in their minds about groups of people. For example, [34] “l(fā)awyers are shrewd and dishonest” is a popular stereotype. Stereotyping can occur in public speaking classes. When trying to choose a speech topic, some males think that women are uninterested in how to repair cars, while some females think that men are uninterested in creative hobbies, such as knitting and needle point. [35] We should reject stereotypes, because they force all people in a group into the same simple pattern. They fail to account for individual differences, and the wide range of characteristics among members of any group. Some lawyers are dishonest, yes! But many are not. Some women are uninterested in repairing cars, yes! But some are enthusiastic mechanics. Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. Q33. What did researchers at California State University find? Q34. What is the popular stereotype of lawyers? does the speaker say we should reject stereotypes? 解題: 33. B Brownhaired women were rated as more capable. 這就是傳說中的 “金發(fā)女郎胸大無腦,棕發(fā)女腦大無胸,紅發(fā)女脾氣暴躁 (temperamental)。 Section C Compound Dictation 答案: 36. derived。 38. Convenient。 40. Largely。 42. Recalls。 46. If you remember the shape of Italy, it is because you have been told at sometime that Italy is shaped like a boot 6 Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension ( Reading in Depth) Section A 文章分析: 本文主要討論司機駕駛時打電話的危害。即使使用免提裝置,仍然有可能讓司機分神,以至釀成危險。 重點詞句: 1 第三 段: That, they calculate, would add metres to the braking distance of a car travelling at 100kph. 他們計算出這(滯后的反應(yīng)時間)相當于使一輛原本行駛速度為 100 公里 /小時的車輛在剎車后繼續(xù)滑行的距離增加 米。 48. equivalent in difficulty to driving 第二段首句末尾 a series of moving tasks on a puter screen that were reckoned equivalent in difficulty to driving. 49. on average 212 milliseconds more第二段第三句話 had an average reaction time 212 milliseconds slower than those who were not注意將原文的 slower 改成 more. 50. more plicated task 第三段第四句話 but those with the more plicated task showed even worse reaction times 51. punishment 最后一段 , 根據(jù)題目和原文的對應(yīng),這里需要和 persuasion 相對的詞,所以注意將原文的 punishing 改成 punishment. Section B Passage One 文章分析: 本文借美國一份學(xué)校周邊空氣質(zhì)量報告引發(fā)的一場恐慌為題,討論現(xiàn)代社會人們對待環(huán)境污染、生存危機的態(tài)度。答案如何無人知曉,因為現(xiàn)代社會環(huán)境日益惡化 ,不確定性因素過多;盡管有專家指出無論做何選擇,其實都無法預(yù)知結(jié)果。 重點詞句: 1 第一段: Industrial pollution in our town had supposedly turned students into living science experiments breathing in a laboratory’s worth of heavy metals like manganese, chromium and nickel each day. 我們鎮(zhèn)上的工業(yè)污染相當于把學(xué)生變成活體科學(xué)實驗對象,因為他們每天吸入的錳、 鉻和鎳等重金屬等同于一個實驗室里的含量。 over union jobs versus children’s health(他們爭論的話題包括)究竟是孩子們的健康還是受工會保障的工作更要緊 言下之意是是否應(yīng)該關(guān)閉這些造成污染的企業(yè)。 Synthetic athletic fields 指使用仿真草皮或合成塑膠等化學(xué)制品鋪設(shè)的運動場。正是那些父母們不能 ——可能永遠也不能 ——量化的危險才會突然發(fā)生(使人無法應(yīng)對)。 but although I’ve lived blocks from a major fault line(地質(zhì)斷層) for more than 12 years, I still haven’t bolted our bookcases to the living room 12 年了,我仍然沒把我們的書架固定在客廳的墻上(雖然我知道這是個巨大的隱患)。 53. A 第二段首句 a fierce battle over its validity;參見 “重點詞句 ”2第一條。 55. B 第三段中間 A 2022 report in the journal Pediatrics explained that nervous parents have more to fear from fire, car accidents and drowning than from toxic chemical 、車禍和溺水這些都屬于 Daily accidents。 56. A 第四段末尾,參見 “重點詞句 ”3第一條。(美國的醫(yī)療體制一向詬病甚多,積重難返,看看 Michael Moore 07 年導(dǎo)演的紀錄片 Sicko 就可見一斑了。 Crippling 本指 極有害的 。 3 第三段 A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries (老年醫(yī)保受惠人) providers 在這里指醫(yī)生。(比如腦 科現(xiàn)在細分為腦瘤???、腦神經(jīng)外科、神經(jīng)內(nèi)科、 blablabla;運氣不好讓你幾個科室挨個兒轉(zhuǎn)一圈下來就夠受的了) 4 第四段: How did we let primary care slip so far? 我們怎么會讓初級護理變得如此糟糕了呢? slip: get worse 走下坡路 Combine this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost ine. 再加上政府每年都威脅要一視同仁地降低醫(yī)療返還費用,基礎(chǔ)護理醫(yī)生沒有選擇的余地,只好通過提升數(shù)量以增加收入。美國的醫(yī)療體制主要依賴保險,病人的醫(yī)療費用是由醫(yī)療保險公司事后支付的,所以醫(yī)生得到的報酬可視為一種返還費用。他們看到了費用返還體制是如何不利于基礎(chǔ)護理行業(yè)的。 fiving student loans 減免學(xué)費貸款 7 第九段: Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will bee eligible for Medicare 在幾年之內(nèi),第一波 7600 萬嬰兒潮一代將邁入老年人醫(yī)保行列。 59. D 以犧牲看病質(zhì)量為代價增加看病數(shù)量。參加上面 “重點詞句 ”4第二條。 61. A 倒數(shù)第二段末尾 reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries. Reconcile the difference = bridge the gap ,注意 D 選項錯在于并非降低學(xué)費, 而是減免用來交學(xué)費的貸款。其它選項均不符合。文章說調(diào)查表明英國亂扔垃圾現(xiàn)象越來越嚴重,而這些快餐品牌正是罪魁禍首。其它選項: refute 反駁; uncover 發(fā)現(xiàn)、揭開; disregard 忽視;意思都不符合原文。 66. A 表示某個行業(yè)一般用 industry。 67. B Discourage 表示阻止、勸阻,注意 suppress壓制 太過暴力,比較嚴重,一 般代表武力壓迫,用在這里不合適。排除在外 。撤離,一般跟 from;都不符合原文。 8 69. D 快餐公司應(yīng)當盡量減少不必要的包裝(是啊是啊,每次看到 Subway 包三明治用那么大的紙都覺得太奢侈了)。 其它選項用法都不符合原文。 Incentives 表示(以金錢或其它方式體現(xiàn)的)刺激、激勵手段。 merits 優(yōu)點 。 72. D 除了在店鋪外面,快餐公司還應(yīng)當在鄰近街道上的其它關(guān)鍵地點設(shè)置垃圾筒。 73. B 麥當勞的一位發(fā)言人說他們已經(jīng)做出了最大努力。 mediator 中間人、協(xié)調(diào)人 。 74. D 作為試驗,在曼徹斯特等城市開始推行更廣泛的全天垃圾巡視。其它選項 in season 流行 。 off hand 當即、立刻, 不能作表語。 mission 委托、任命 。 77. B 盡量減少垃圾的影響; minimize 最小化 , 其它選項 divert 轉(zhuǎn)移(注意力、話題) 。 suspend 暫 停、中止;意思不符合原文 從上下文推知這里需要一個轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)聯(lián)詞: Subway 聲明會盡力減少垃圾對周圍社區(qū)的影響,但是認為說到底消費者個人還是最應(yīng)該負起責(zé)任來。其它選項的意思不符合原文, concrete 具體的; unique 唯一的、獨特的; respective分別的,各自的 80. C Greggs 說他們意識到(垃圾問題)對大家來說都是一個持續(xù)性的挑戰(zhàn),但是他們已經(jīng)采取了相應(yīng)措施來解決這個問題。 81. B 四個選項中只有 tackle 是及物動詞,其它三個都不是, cope 和 deal 要加 with, dispose 加 of Part Ⅵ Translation 82. it depends on how often you wear it 主要考察短語 depend on,其次在于 “多長時間 ”的翻譯,這里其實是問頻率,所以應(yīng)該用 how often。 85. a balanced diet is indispensable / essential/ critical to health 86. as I regretted it/ as I felt sorry/ regretful 主要考察語法點: as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句, much 前置。