【正文】 in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含義：現(xiàn)在還住在 肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去 ) 注意： 用過去時表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。 Did you want anything else? I wondered if you could help me. 2）情態(tài)動詞 could, would. Could you lend me your bike? 3 used to / be used to used to + do： 過去常常 表示過去習慣性的動作或 狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。 He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk.(現(xiàn)在習慣于散步 ) 典型例題 Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it. It39。t B. couldn39。t D. can39。 4 一般將來時 1) shall 用于第一人稱，常被 will 所代替。 Which paragraph shall I read first. Will you be at home at seven this evening? 2) be going to +不定式，表示將來。 What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。 c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 3) be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意： be about to 不能與 tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。d better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 6 be to 和 be going to be to 表示客觀安 排或受人指示而做某事。 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客觀安排 ) I39。這主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。 When Bill es (不是 will e), ask him to wait for me. I39。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 8 用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來 意為： 意圖 、 打算 、 安排 、常用于人。 I39。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去 但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或 狀態(tài)。 10 比較過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時 1）過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘 述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。 一般過去時的時間狀語 : yesterday, last week，? ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語 共同的時間狀語 : this morning, tonight,this April, now, once， before, already, recently， lately 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 不確定的時間狀語 14 3）現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有 e, go, leave, start, die, finish, bee, get married 等。） I have seen this film. （強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） Who hasn39。） She has returned from Paris. 她已從 巴黎回來了。 He has been in the League for three years. (在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù) ) He has been a League member for three years. (是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù) ) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團， joined 為短暫行為。s already been sent for. 句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2） This is the? that?結(jié)構(gòu)， that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時 . This is the best film that I39。 This is the first time (that) I39。 典型例題 (1) Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am ing 答案 B. This is the first time 后面所加從句應為現(xiàn)在完成時，故選 B。s the first time I ___ here. 15 A. even, e B. even, have e C. ever, e D. ever, have e 答案 D. ever 意為曾經(jīng)或無論何時，反意詞為 never，此兩詞常用于完成時。 注意：非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。 （錯） I have received his letter for a month. （對） I haven39。 I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born.. My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl. 注意：并非有 for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。 ) I have worked here for many years. (現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。 1) (對 ) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2) (錯 ) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 顯然，第二句不對，它應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years. 13 since 的四種用法 1) since +過去一個時間點 (如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、 1980, last month, half past six)。 He has pleted the work. 他已完成了那項工作。ve known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。t e back until ten o39。 He slept until ten o39。 典型例題 1. You don39。再次， several times 告知為反復發(fā)生的動作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。m sorry to keep you waiting. Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 答案 A. 等待的動作由過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應用現(xiàn)在完成時。 那時以前 那時 現(xiàn)在 2） 用法 a. 在 told, said, knew, heard, thought 等動詞后的賓語從句。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的動詞，如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用過去完成時表示 原本?，未能? We had hoped that you would e, but you didn39。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 典型例題 The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office. A. had written, left B， were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案 D. 把書忘在辦公室 發(fā)生在 去取書 這一過去的動作之前，因此 忘了書 這一動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。因此 前一句應用過去進行時。 When she saw the mouse， she screamed. My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 2 ) 兩個動作相繼發(fā)生，可用一般過去時；如第一個動作需要若干時間完成，用過去完成時。 Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 17 將來完成時 1) 構(gòu)成 will / be going to do sth. 2) 概念 a. 狀態(tài)完成：表示某事繼續(xù)到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態(tài)。 They will have been married for 20 years by then. You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 18 現(xiàn)在進行時 現(xiàn)在進行時的基本用法： a. 表示現(xiàn)在 ( 指說話人說話時 ) 正在發(fā)生的事情。 Mr. Green is writing another novel. (說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。 The leaves are turning red. It39。 You are always changing your mind. 典型例題 My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it. A. has lost, don39。t find C. has lost, haven39。t found. 答案 D. 前句是一個仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，應用進行時，由于沒有找到，其影響仍然存在，應用完成時，瞬間動詞用于否定式時可用于完成時。 2） 過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個長動作發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動作發(fā)生。同 時， when 表時間的同時性， 瑪麗在做衣服時 提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過去進