【正文】 ove your English. 7 3．只用 who, that 的情況 (1) 如果先行詞是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, those, ones等時，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或 whom，不用 which .that。 ―介詞＋關(guān)系代詞 ―結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，關(guān)系代詞只可用 whom 或 which,不可用 that 。例如： This is the boy whom she has taken care of. This is the book which /that I am looking for. （八） whose 引導(dǎo)從句的意義 1）指人 =of whom 表示所修飾的“某（些）人的用做所修飾的先行詞的所有格。后面的謂語動詞多是 see, know, expect, say, mention, report 等。例如： The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see. 5).as 做主語時， 其后必跟系動詞，而 which 無此限制 The meeting was put off, as was what we wanted. He was murdered, as seemed true. 6)as 引導(dǎo)從句時，從句語義必須和主句一致 She was married again, which was unexpected 9 She was married again, as was unexpected 7 7） the same …as 與 the same ..that 的區(qū)別： 前者修飾的是原物同樣的 而后者修飾的就是先行詞 This is the same watch as I 。 （十一）關(guān)系代詞做主語，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于先行詞而不是關(guān)系代詞。 1)when 表示時間 , 充當(dāng)時間狀語 when=on/ in/ of /at…+which I still remember the day when I join the party I will never fet the day when I first came to Beijing. 但注意 ： ： place ,room, mountain, airport 等時間： time, day, year, month, week,等原因： reason 等名詞時 ,并且分別在句中做地點、時間、原因狀語時，應(yīng)用 where ,when ,why引導(dǎo)。 The Yangtze Ges is a beautiful place (that /which) people all over the world look forward to visiting. 長江三峽 是個美麗的地方，全世界的人都渴望來參觀。 This is one of the rivers in China which flows northward. This is one of the rivers in China which flows northward. 3. 省略了定語從句 中做主語的關(guān)系代詞。 Jason is a man who (I believed) is honest.(去掉仍成立 ) Jason is a man whom I believe to be honest. 做賓語 The girl who we supposed was drowned came back. The girl who we supposed to be drowned came back. （十六）什么時候宜用非限制性定語從句 1） 當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞時，通常用非限制性定語從句，它本身就具有特殊性，無需在加限定。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3) 表示格言或警句中。 I don39。 時間狀語有： yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 等。 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示 39。 I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。 ) Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含義：現(xiàn)在還住在 肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去 ) 注意： 用過去時表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。 He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk.(現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于散步 ) 典型例題 Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it. It39。t D. can39。 Which paragraph shall I read first. Will you be at home at seven this evening? 2) be going to +不定式，表示將來。 c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 3) be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。d better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 6 be to 和 be going to be to 表示客觀安 排或受人指示而做某事。這主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 8 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來 意為： 意圖 、 打算 、 安排 、常用于人。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去 但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或 狀態(tài)。 一般過去時的時間狀語 : yesterday, last week，? ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語 共同的時間狀語 : this morning, tonight,this April, now, once， before, already, recently， lately 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 不確定的時間狀語 14 3）現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有 e, go, leave, start, die, finish, bee, get married 等。） Who hasn39。 He has been in the League for three years. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù) ) He has been a League member for three years. (是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù) ) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團(tuán)， joined 為短暫行為。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2） This is the? that?結(jié)構(gòu)， that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時 . This is the best film that I39。 典型例題 (1) Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am ing 答案 B. This is the first time 后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時，故選 B。 注意：非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。 I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born.. My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl. 注意：并非有 for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。 1) (對 ) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2) (錯 ) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 顯然，第二句不對，它應(yīng)改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years. 13 since 的四種用法 1) since +過去一個時間點 (如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、 1980, last month, half past six)。ve known him since then. 我從那時起就認(rèn)識他了。 He slept until ten o39。再次， several times 告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。 那時以前 那時 現(xiàn)在 2） 用法 a. 在 told, said, knew, heard, thought 等動詞后的賓語從句。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 典型例題 The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office. A. had written, left B， were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案 D. 把書忘在辦公室 發(fā)生在 去取書 這一過去的動作之前，因此 忘了書 這一動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。 When she saw the mouse， she screamed. My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 2 ) 兩個動作相繼發(fā)生，可用一般過去時；如第一個動作需要若干時間完成，用過去完成時。 They will have been married for 20 years by then. You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 18 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的基本用法： a. 表示現(xiàn)在 ( 指說話人說話時 ) 正在發(fā)生的事情。 The leaves are turning red. It39。t find C. has lost, haven39。 2） 過去進(jìn)行時的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個長動作發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動作