【正文】 years. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time. 注意：并非有 for 作為時(shí)間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 1)(對(duì) ) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2)(錯(cuò) ) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 顯然，第二句不對(duì)，它應(yīng)改為 Harry got married six years Harry has been married for six years. since 的四種用法 1) since +過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn) (如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、 1980, last month, half past six)。ve known him since then. 我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。 He slept until ten o39。m sorry to keep you waiting. Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few . have beenB. had beenC. wasD. will be 答案 A. 5 過去完成時(shí) 1） 概念：表示過去的過去 |||其構(gòu)成是 had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。t. 3)過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語 before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 注意： had no … when 還沒等 …… 就 …… had no sooner… than 剛 …… 就 …… He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 用一般過去時(shí)代替完成時(shí) 1)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如按順序發(fā)生，又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，或用 then， and， but 等連詞時(shí)，多用一般過去時(shí)。 b. 動(dòng)作完成：表示將來某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)將來的動(dòng)作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或一獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 ) 6 She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. c. 表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有： get, grow, bee, turn, run, go, begin 等。t find B. is missing, don39。 不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 1) 事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞 have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister. 2) 心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞 Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, fet, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate I need your help. He loves her very much. 3 ) 瞬間動(dòng)詞 accept, receive, plete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. I accept your advice. 4) 系動(dòng)詞 seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, bee, turn You seem a little tired. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1） 概念：表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn) 行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep. read； was fallingB. was reading； fellC. was reading； was fallingD. read； fell 答案 as = when, while，意為 當(dāng) …… 之時(shí) 。 將來進(jìn)行時(shí) 1) 概念：表示將來某時(shí)進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作，或按預(yù)測將來會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。ll be having a talk with her. 2）常用的時(shí)間狀語 7 Soon, tomorrow, this evening， on Sunday, by this time， tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening By this time tomorrow, I39。 succeed C. will not give。主句用將來時(shí)，故選 B. 此處用一般過去式代替了過去將來時(shí)。 ) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替過去時(shí) 1 )書上說 ， 報(bào)紙上說 等。 Napoleon39。 He is dying. 時(shí)態(tài)一致 1) 如果從句所敘述的為真理或不變的事實(shí)，則永遠(yuǎn)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)?，F(xiàn)以 teach 為例說明 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。 be 后面的過去分詞是表語，相當(dāng)于形容詞。 (被動(dòng)語態(tài) ) 2 如果句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，一般為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 (被動(dòng)語態(tài) )The shop is 。例如： 1) Some new puters were stolen last night. 一些新電腦在昨晚 被盜了。 9 2) Eight hours per day for sleep must be 8 小時(shí)睡眠必須得到保證。例如： 1) We can repair this watch in two days. = This watch can be repaired in two days. 2) You ought to take it away. = It ought to be taken away. 3) They should do it at once. = It should be done at once 注意： 1）感官動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語補(bǔ)足語是不帶 to 的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，該不定式前要加 \to\。例如： Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 煤可以產(chǎn)生工農(nóng)業(yè)需要的電。例如： The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. 那護(hù)士讓我去探望住院的同學(xué)。 表示 \據(jù)說 \或 \相信 \ 的詞組，基本上由 believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand 等組成。 10 （錯(cuò)） The price has been risen. （對(duì)） The price has risen. （錯(cuò)） The accident was happened last week. 對(duì)） The accident happened last week. （錯(cuò)） The price has raised. （對(duì)） The price has been raised. （錯(cuò)） Please seat. （對(duì)） Please be seated. 要想正確地使用 被動(dòng)語態(tài) ，就須注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。例如： This key just fits the lock. 這把鑰匙只配這把鎖。 4） 帶同源賓語的及物動(dòng)詞如 die/death, dream/dream， live/life 等，以及反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如： The book sells well. 這本書銷路好。 Much work remains. 還有許多活要干。 4）特殊結(jié)構(gòu)： make sb. heard / understood （使別人能聽見 /理解自己）等。 注意：表示同某人結(jié)婚，用 marry sb. 或 get married to 。 The floor requires washing. 地板需要沖洗。 薄螃膄膇薄羆羇蒅薃蚅衿莁薂螈肅芇薁袀袈膃薀薀肅聿蠆螞袆莈蚈螄肁芄蚈袆襖芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆螈羂蒄蚅袁膈莀蚄羃羈芆蚃蚃膆膂莀螅罿肈荿袇膅莇莈薇羇莃莇蝿芃艿莆袂肆膅蒞羄袈蒃蒞蚄肄荿莄螆袇芅蒃袈肂膁蒂薈裊肇蒁蝕肁蒆蒀袂袃莂葿羅腿羋葿蚄羂膄蒈螇膇肀蕆衿羀荿薆蕿?zāi)g芅薅 蟻羈膁薄螃膄膇薄羆羇蒅薃蚅衿莁薂螈肅芇薁袀袈膃薀薀肅聿蠆螞袆莈蚈螄肁芄 蚈袆襖芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆螈羂蒄蚅袁膈莀蚄羃羈芆蚃蚃膆膂莀螅罿肈荿袇膅莇莈薇羇莃莇蝿芃艿莆袂肆膅蒞羄袈蒃蒞蚄肄荿莄螆袇芅蒃袈肂膁蒂薈裊肇蒁蝕肁蒆蒀袂袃莂葿羅腿羋葿蚄羂膄蒈螇膇肀蕆衿羀荿薆蕿?zāi)g芅薅蟻羈膁薄螃膄膇薄羆羇蒅薃蚅衿莁薂螈肅芇薁袀袈膃薀薀肅聿蠆螞袆莈蚈 螄肁芄蚈袆襖芀蚇蚆膀膆蚆螈羂蒄蚅袁膈莀蚄羃羈芆蚃蚃膆膂莀螅罿肈荿袇膅莇莈薇羇莃莇蝿芃艿莆袂肆膅蒞羄袈蒃蒞蚄