【正文】 —— Plato 可以通過邏輯掌握意義，認(rèn)識世界，而無須借助感覺。 —— 柏拉圖 Logic and Accuracy Of course we have to think accurately! Being the analytical, straight line guy that I am, I have a real problem with fuzzy thinking. I always prefer the straight line approach. —— Lyman Reed 當(dāng)然我們必須精確地思考！但作為一個分析型、直線型的人，我缺乏模糊思維能力，我總是喜歡直線的觀點(diǎn)。 里德 Chinese Intuition Knowledge can be acquired without reasoning. 無思無慮始知道 《 莊子 A purified mind spontaneously attains enlightenment and the natural insight enables one to bee a Buddha. 心凈自悟，頓悟成佛 。 《 莊子 成語 It can be sensed but not expressed in words. Intuition and Fuzziness “道”、 “氣”、“太極” Tao， Qi, Tai Chi 書不盡言，言不盡意。 What is said does not convey all that is on one‘s mind. 道可道，非常道；名可名，非常名。 The names that can be named are not eternal names. Logic（邏輯） Intuition（直覺） rational 理性 perceptual 感性 definite 明晰 fuzzy 模糊 precise 嚴(yán)謹(jǐn) sagacious 睿智 deductive 演繹 inductive 歸納 Imaginal 形象 Abstract 抽象 3 a western diagram of lines of abstraction 線型抽象 a Chinese picture of doublefish images 雙魚形象 天有不測風(fēng)云，人有旦夕禍福。 Man cannot be always fortunate。 Strong winds test sturdy grass。 In the sky, we will be two love birds flying together。 Sickness es like a landslide but goes like reeling silk. Sickness es suddenly but goes slowly. Abstract concepts ardent loyalty total exhaustion with great eagerness feed on fancies at high speed disappear pletely bustling activity 赤膽忠心 gall, heart 筋疲力盡 tendon, sinew 如饑似渴 hunger, thirst 畫餅充饑 drawn cake 風(fēng)馳電掣 wind, lightening 煙消云散 smoke, cloud 龍騰虎躍 dragon, tiger figures of speech Ethical 倫理 Cognitive 認(rèn)知 4 Ethical 倫理 Cognitive 認(rèn)知 Western mode of thinking is exteriororiented, giving more attention to the cognitive exploration of Nature (the objective world), with emphasis on science and theories. Chinese mode of thinking is interiororiented, focusing more on the moral inquiry into human nature (the subjective world) with emphasis on ethics and social practice. Ethical 倫理 Cognitive 認(rèn)知 西方思維模式是外向的，關(guān)注對客觀世界（大自然）進(jìn)行認(rèn)知探索，重視科學(xué)與理論。 Ethical 倫理 Cognitive 認(rèn)知 Ontology Cosmology Epistemology Methodology 仁 義 禮 智 信 忠 恕 孝 悌 本體論 宇宙論 認(rèn)識論 方法論 benevolence righteousness rites wisdom reliability loyalty fiveness filial piety respect for elders Chinese Mode Western Mode Holistic 整體性 Analytical 分析性 Intuitive 直覺性 Logical 邏輯性 Imaginal 形象性 Abstract 抽象性 Ethical 倫理型 Cognitive 認(rèn)知型 Fuzzy 模糊性 Accurate 精確性 Intentional 意向性 Objective 對象性 Convergent 求同性 Divergent 求異性 Pastfocused 后饋性 Futurefocused 前瞻性 Inward 內(nèi)向性 Outward 外向性 Inductive 歸納型 Deductive 演繹型 The Advantages of Each Mode of Thinking The linear mode of thinking characterized by analytical reasoning and emphasis on clarity and precision is conducive to theoretical construction. The circular mode of thinking characterized by synthetic insight and stress on fuzziness and implicitness contributes to empirical revelation of truth. 兩種思維模式各有所長 線性思維模式長于分析推理，推崇清晰精確，有利于理論建構(gòu)；環(huán)性思維模式強(qiáng)于綜合頓悟，講求模糊含蓄，有助于體察真諦。 The moon of the west is not rounder and the sun of the east has its spots as well. 西方的月亮并不更圓，東方的太陽