【正文】 economies, and especially America39。s capacity utilisation, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment — the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past. Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation. 26. According to the text, making moary policy changes [A] is parable to driving a car. [B] is similar to carrying out scientific work. [C] will not influence the economy immediately. [D] will have an immediate impact on the inflation rate. 27. From the text we learn that [A] there is a clear relationship between inflation and interest retes. [B] the economy always follows particular trends. [C] the current economic problem are entirely predictable. [D] the present economic situation is better than expected. 28. The text suggests that [A] the previous economic models are still applicable. [B] an extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation. [C] a high unemployment rate will result from inflation. [D] interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy. 29. By saying This is no flash in the pan (line 5, paragraph 3), the author implies that [A] the low inflation rate will continue. [B] the inflation rate will rise again. [C] inflation will disappear entirely. [D] there is no inflation at present. 30. How does the author feel about the present situation? [A] Tolerant. [B] Indifferent. [C] Disappointed. [D] Surprised. TEXT 3 In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap 2020 年英語大綱樣題 滬江考研 the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, panies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such businesstobusiness sales make sense because business people typically know what product they39。s private intra. Another major shift in the model for Inter merce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Inter marketing activities have focused on strategies to pull customers into sites. In the past year, however, software panies have developed tools that allow panies to push information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers39。s Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen es there by specific request. Once mercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. That39。 and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nieenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world39。 meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand Shareholding meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization. The shareholders as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the pany in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the pany was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and anization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the panies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other39。t know how to motivate them to do a better job. We39。s hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isn39。s boring, routine paperwork, and there isn39。t say to them that their promotions will hinge an the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know it39。ve got real problem with my officers. They e on the force as young, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in ears or on a heat. They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires, accidents, and other emergencies. [D]Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion. However, we know that39。t necessarily mean you39。 it’s the hardest job of all. If you have no special training or higher education, just don’t mention education. The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself .Take four or five hours off, nit necessarily consecutive , and simply write down every acplishment in your life , on or off the job, that made you feel effective. D