【正文】
es also through various joint, franchising and other means to expand the strength, to realize their own development by increasing the union travel agencies can achieve economies of scale through the chain, get bulk buy advantage, 2enhance the ability with suppliers for a supply of sth., increase market coverage, thereby enhancing the attractiveness to 1989 38% USA, retail agents posed of multiple vacation and Leisure Tourism Association(vacation and pleasure travel consortums), 13% of the retail agents posed of Business Travel Association(corporate travel consortiums).By 1994, according to American travel agents(ASTA)showed that one of the survey, the independent travel agents have 59% belongs to some large retail marketing the UK, chain operation has bee the main development trend in recent years travel agents traditional development of British travel agents are regional, the expansion of the regional integration, after entering 1980 age, travel agents began to expand the state, manifested as Dalian lock buyout smaller chain, forming a strong chain group and large tourism group , the network marketing strategy The development of the network plays a more and more important role in the travel agency business development process, so the foreign travel agencies in the management strategies are very aware of the application of network example, My Travel in 2005 November in the UK closed down 110 “Going Places” to accelerate the contraction plan store the same time, group adhere to the strategy to expand sales through direct channels, its retail outlets located in the main travel line needs greater flexibility, to meet the needs of the market adjustment of product, at the same time travel agency industry is trying to cut costs, through online sales of tourism products distribution, so the network technology has been widely :國外旅行社旅游發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略一﹑品牌戰(zhàn)略品牌戰(zhàn)略就是高屋建瓴地將品牌建設提升到企業(yè)經(jīng)營戰(zhàn)略的高度,是以建立強勢品牌、創(chuàng)建品牌價值為目標的企業(yè)經(jīng)營戰(zhàn)略。二﹑大型旅行社跨國化、深入化經(jīng)營戰(zhàn)略從世界國際旅游業(yè)界的情況來看,跨國經(jīng)營已是一個相當普遍的現(xiàn)象,通過跨國經(jīng)營,可以擴大企業(yè)規(guī)模,直接進入客源國市場,加強目的地旅行社與旅游者之間的溝通和了解,吸引更多的旅游者選擇本企業(yè)的旅行服務。合資公司已經(jīng)建立了一個旅游批發(fā)商,它同時也將負責印度市場內的歐洲度假游客。TUI最初持有俄羅斯TUI Mostravel中34%的股份,但是從2006年開始將會達到51%。另外,其他很多大旅行社也都采取了跨國兼并、強強聯(lián)合的方式,兼并狂潮不斷興起。在大型旅行社進行產品深度開發(fā)的同時,中小型旅行社開始針對旅游市場進行細分,集中自身的優(yōu)勢來專注于某一特定市場,形成特色產品或特色服務,走專業(yè)化經(jīng)營的道路。這些特色旅游在德國歷史悠久,深受人們喜愛,現(xiàn)已成為德國旅游業(yè)中不可缺少的重要組成部分。中小旅行社通過連鎖經(jīng)營可以達到規(guī)模效益,獲得批量購買的優(yōu)勢,增強與供應商討價還價的能力,增加市場覆蓋面,從而增強對顧客的吸引力。到1994年,據(jù)美國旅行代理商(ASTA)進行的一次調查表明,有59%的獨立旅行代理商屬于一些大型的零售市場營銷組織。英國旅行代理商的傳統(tǒng)發(fā)展是地區(qū)性的,其最初的擴張為地區(qū)一體化,進入1980年代以后,旅行代理商開始了國家化擴張,表現(xiàn)為大連鎖買斷較小的連鎖,形成了強大的連鎖集團和大型旅游集團競爭的局面。例如,My Travel 2005年11月在英國關閉了110家“Going Places”店面來加速店面收縮計劃。旅行社線路的制定需要更大的靈活性,要適應市場需要調整產品,同時旅行社業(yè)試圖削減成本費用,通過在線銷售實現(xiàn)旅游產品的分銷,因此網(wǎng)絡技術得到了廣泛應用。言 行 文 明,知禮儀,重禮節(jié),講文明,舉手投足得體大方,談吐交流文雅禮貌,避免不文明的語言和行為。,不亂扔廢棄物,不隨地大小便,不在別人面前摳挖鼻孔、剔牙,咳嗽、打噴嚏、放屁注意遮掩避人。,不擁擠搶先,不喧嘩吵鬧,排隊遵守秩序,不在公共座椅上躺臥。,不敞胸露懷,不蓬頭垢面,不在公共 2場所脫鞋,根據(jù)旅游項目和旅游場所(如博物館、教堂、藝術殿堂、寺廟等)選擇適合的衣著,正式場合(如商務洽談、宴會等)盡量著正裝或職業(yè)裝。,不爭搶,不大聲喧嘩,不在禁煙大堂吸煙。,謙讓老人、長者、殘疾人和婦女,照顧兒童。,在可以吸煙的餐廳吸煙時要注意其他客人的感受。,禮讓、照顧老、弱、病、殘、幼、孕婦和抱小孩者,主動讓座和請他人讓座。,不要將雜物煙蒂等丟出船外,不要在船舷和甲板上隨意舞動衣服或圍巾;夜間不要用手電筒向外晃照,以免引起其他過往船只的誤會。觀 光 文 明,不隨意踩踏綠地、攀折花木和