【正文】 an employment contract’s initial paragraph headings like this: Recitals. Employment. Duties. Term. pensation. 。 15. Keep a pad at hand to remember clauses to add. It is normal to think of additional clauses, ing and issues while writing a contract. Jot these down on a pad as you write。在書寫合同的同時(shí)你可能隨時(shí)會(huì)想到一些需要添加條款、措詞和問題要盡快記在便箋簿上因?yàn)樗麄兲菀淄恕?16. Repeat yourself only when repetition is necessary to improve clarity. Ambiguity is created by saying the same thing more than once。將一個(gè)來回地說很容易讓人模棱兩可。另外假設(shè)你想通過一個(gè)例子來說明一個(gè)難以理解的概念或規(guī)那么時(shí)一定要考慮到其所有的含義、這個(gè)例子的準(zhǔn)確性以及它和概念的相符性。不要為碰運(yùn)氣而忽略這個(gè)。一個(gè)仍在聯(lián)邦里任職的法官就曾經(jīng)裁定：有雙方簽字但標(biāo)有建議書的并非合同。假設(shè)你想讓你的成為具有法律效力的合同就要在標(biāo)題中注明合同字樣。 19. Write in active tense, rather than passive. Active tense sentences are shorter and use s more efficiently, and their meaning is more apparent. Example of active: Sellers shall sell the Property to Buyer. Example of passive: The Property shall be sold to Buyer by Seller. 。還是讓我們來來看一個(gè)例子吧主動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子：賣方將把此物賣給買方。 20. Don’t use the biweekly. It has two meanings: twice a week and every other week. The same applies to bimonthly. Instead, write every other week or twice a week. “雙周〞之類的詞因?yàn)檫@有可能產(chǎn)生歧義是兩周還是每隔一周？類似的詞還有雙月,所以這樣寫:兩周或每隔一周。當(dāng)一組名詞如白蟻和有機(jī)體〕前有一個(gè)修飾語如活動(dòng)著的〕時(shí)你一定要弄清楚這個(gè)修飾語是修飾兩個(gè)名詞還是僅僅修飾第一個(gè)名詞。 22. Don’t say Lessor and Lessee. These are bad nicknames for a lease because they are easily reversed or mistyped. Use Landlord and Tenant instead. The same applies to lienor and lienee, mortgagor and mortgagee, grantor and grantee, licensor and licensee, party A and party B. This is where you can use your creativity to e with a different nickname for a party, as long as you use it consistently throughout the contract. “出租人〞和“承租人〞?？梢杂谩胺繓|〞和“房客〞來代替他們。 23. Wat out when using herein. Does wherever used herein mean anywhere in the contract or anywhere in the paragraph? Clarify this ambiguity if it matters. “本文herein也可譯為〞“在這里〞〕時(shí)要注意。 24. Write numbers as both s and numerals: ten (10). This will reduce the ance for errors. ：拾10〕。 25. When you write including consider adding but not limited to. Unless you intend the list to be allinclusive, you had better clarify your intent that it is merely an example. 包括這個(gè)詞就要考慮在其后加上但不限于.....的分句。 26. Don’t rely on the rules of grammar. The rules of grammar that you learned in sool are not universal. The judge or jury interpreting the meaning of your contract may have learned different rules. Write the contract so that no matter what rules they learned, the contract is clear and unambiguous. Follow this test for clear writing: Remove all periods and mas, then read it. oosing the right s and placing them in the right place makes the writing clear without punctuation. 。檢測(cè)你寫的東西是否到達(dá)這個(gè)要求有個(gè)好那就是去掉所有的句和逗然后去讀它。 27. Don’t be creative with s. Contract writing is not creative writing and is not meant to provoke reflective thoughts or controversies about nuances of meaning. Contract writing is clear, direct and precise. Therefore, use mon s and mon meanings. Write for the mon man and the mon woman. 。合同文書應(yīng)該是明晰、直接而準(zhǔn)確的。 28. Be consistent in using s. If you refer to the subject matter of a sales contract as goods use that term throughout the contract。 worry about the opposing lawyer a year from now hunting for ambiguities to get your contract into court. 。保持用詞一致性比防止重復(fù)更加重要。 29. Be consistent in grammar and punctuation. The rules of grammar and punctuation you learned may differ from others, but you had better be consistent in your use of them. Be aware of su things as where you put ending quote marks, whether you place mas after years and states, and similar variations in style. 。要特別注意句末的引、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)之后的逗以及文風(fēng)的相似性。有了這些條款一旦合同引起訴訟你就已經(jīng)為了你的客戶打這場(chǎng)訴訟戰(zhàn)準(zhǔn)備了一些“彈藥〞。 Write for the Judge and Jury 第四部分：要為法官和陪審團(tuán)考慮 31. Assume the reader is a knowledgeable layman. If your writing is so clear that a layman could understand it, then i