【正文】 certain sense, a successful scientist is a person who is never satisfied with what he has oceans do not so much divide the world as unite is no denying the fact that the new management method has greatly increased the is no denying the fact that the new management method has greatly increased the hearing the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he couldnt utter a the saying goes, nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to goal must be goal can unquestionably be can prevent us from realizing the four in China, more and more families can afford to buy highgrade goods, such as washing machines, TV sets, video matter how difficult English may be, you should do your best to learn can be said that without knowledge of science and technology, it is impossible to build socialist modernizations英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中典型的病句實(shí)例逐一加以剖析．一． 不一致（Disagreements）所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致，它還包括了數(shù)的不一致 時(shí)態(tài)不一致及代詞不一 致等． 例１． When one have money ,he can do what he want to.(人一旦有了錢(qián)，他就能想干什么就干什么．)剖析：one是單數(shù)第三人稱，因而本句的have應(yīng)改為has。改為：None can deny the importance of ． 指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清，或者先后所用的代詞不一致。)讀完上面這一句話，讀者無(wú)法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰(shuí)將結(jié)婚，誰(shuí)將當(dāng)伴娘。這個(gè)句子可改為：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her we can also know the society by serving it ：句中人稱代詞we 和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。例１． There are many ways we get to know the outside ：這個(gè)句子包含了兩層完整的意思：“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to know the outside world.”。改為：There are many ways for us to learn about the outside ：There are many ways through which we can bee acquainted with the outside world八． 措詞毛病(Troubles in Diction)Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何適當(dāng)?shù)剡x用詞語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題，囿于教學(xué)時(shí)間緊迫，教師平時(shí)在這方面花的時(shí)間往往極其有限，影響了學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作中沒(méi)有養(yǎng)成良好的推敲，斟酌的習(xí)慣。所以作文中用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤比比皆是。)剖析：顯然，考生把obstacles“障礙”，“障礙物”誤作substance“物質(zhì)”了。改為：The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to ． 累贅(Redundancy)言以簡(jiǎn)潔為貴。能用單詞的不用詞組；能用詞組的不用從句或句子。改為：Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they ． 不連貫(Incoherence)不連貫是指一個(gè)句子前言不對(duì)后語(yǔ)，或是結(jié)構(gòu)上不暢通。例１． The fresh water, it is the most important things of the ：The fresh water 與逗號(hào)后的it 不連貫。改為：Fresh water is the most important thing in the ． 綜合性語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤(Comprehensive Misusage)所謂“綜合性語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤”，是指除了上述十種錯(cuò)誤以外，還有諸如時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，大小寫(xiě)等方面的錯(cuò)誤。開(kāi)頭萬(wàn)能公式二：數(shù)字統(tǒng)計(jì)原理：要想更有說(shuō)服力，就應(yīng)該用實(shí)際的數(shù)字來(lái)說(shuō)明。所以不妨試用下面的句型：According to a recent survey, about % of the college students wanted to further their study after their ，其實(shí)都是編造出來(lái)的，下面隨便幾個(gè)題目我們都可以這樣編造： Honesty 根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，大學(xué)生向老師請(qǐng)假的理由當(dāng)中78%都是假的。Youth 根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，在某個(gè)大學(xué)，學(xué)生的課余時(shí)間的70%都是在休閑娛樂(lè)。更多句型：A recent statistics shows that …二 結(jié)尾萬(wàn)能公式：1． 結(jié)尾萬(wàn)能公式一：如此結(jié)論說(shuō)完了，畢竟要?dú)w納一番，相信各位都有這樣的經(jīng)歷，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)長(zhǎng)篇大論，到最后終于冒出個(gè)“總而言之”之類的話，我們馬上停止開(kāi)小差，等待領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說(shuō)結(jié)束語(yǔ)?？疾閮?nèi)容包括三大部分：句子的組成、段落的寫(xiě)作、應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作。本文將按題型順序?qū)Χ希希夏暝囶}的考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)與解題思路進(jìn)行分析和探討，同時(shí)，也將對(duì)考生答題中的典型錯(cuò)誤作一剖析，希望能有益于準(zhǔn)備參加今年考試的同學(xué)?！裨囶}： felt like taking a walk after watching the sunset.(periodic sentence) they were waiting in line for the concert tickets, the rain stopped.(loose sentence)●答案： watching the sunset, I felt like taking a rain stopped while they were waiting in line for the concert tickets.●解題關(guān)鍵：（１）明確兩種句型的特點(diǎn)：就語(yǔ)義結(jié)構(gòu)而論，periodic sentence（掉尾句）中主要信息在后，次要信息在前，使句子的重心置于句尾，旨在造成懸念，引人入勝；而loose sentence（松散句）則正相反，將句義重心放在句首，使主要信息一目了然。（２）第二題原句主要信息為 I felt like taking a walk，放在次要信息After watching the sunset之前，原句是loose sentence（松散句）,變換句型只要將主次信息換位即可。二，考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：考查將兩個(gè)獨(dú)立短句合并成一個(gè)simple sentence的能力。（2）將兩個(gè)短句的共同主語(yǔ)作為合并后的simple sentence（簡(jiǎn)單句）的主語(yǔ)，并將其中包含主要信息的短句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞確立為simple sentence（簡(jiǎn)單句）的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，另一短句轉(zhuǎn)化為修飾成分。第9題原句中，第一個(gè)短句包含主要信息，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was waiting可作為合并后的simple sentence（簡(jiǎn)單句）的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，第二個(gè)短句He had a book in his hand,可轉(zhuǎn)化為with引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，作修飾成分。（錯(cuò)誤）The letter arrived today is from my foreign friend.（分析）這是一個(gè)病句，句中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)沒(méi)有合適方式連接的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根本不符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。三，考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：考查獨(dú)立短句與pound sentence之間的轉(zhuǎn)換●試題： is a good studies hard and grasps concepts well.(pound sentence) could take a could walk to the restaurant.(pound sentence) needed butter to make the cookie couldn’t find used vegetable oil instead.(pound sentence)●答案： is a good student, for he studies hard and grasps concepts could take a taxi or we could walk to the needed butter to make the cookie better, but I couldn’t find any, so I used vegetable oil instead.●解題關(guān)鍵：（1）明確pound sentence（并列句）的特點(diǎn)：pound sentence（并列句）是由并列連詞或特定的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)將意義相關(guān)、結(jié)構(gòu)完整的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的simple sentence（簡(jiǎn)單句）連接起來(lái)構(gòu)成的。（3）第1題中，兩分句間的關(guān)系為前因后果，所以選擇for引出解釋原因的分句。第10題較為復(fù)雜，前兩個(gè)分句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，可用but或yet連接；它們又與第三個(gè)分句形成前因后果的關(guān)系，所以選擇so引出結(jié)果。（錯(cuò)誤）For Jerry is a good student, he studies hard and grasps concepts well.（分析）除了因果關(guān)系不妥外，for的位置也不正確。（錯(cuò)誤）We could take a taxi or walk to the restaurant.（分析）此句仍是一個(gè)simple sentence（簡(jiǎn)單句）而不是pound sentence（并列句），pound sentence（并列句）必須包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的simple sentence（簡(jiǎn)單句）四，考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：考查pound sentence與plex sentence之間的轉(zhuǎn)換●試題： tape recorder was not working right, so I returned it to the store.(plex sentence)●答案： the tape recorder was not working right, I returned it to the store.●解題關(guān)鍵：（1）了解plex sentence（復(fù)合句）的構(gòu)成：plex sentence（復(fù)合句）包含一個(gè)主句及一個(gè)或多個(gè)從句。（2）第4題原句是pound sentence（并列句），兩個(gè)分句為因果關(guān)系，要把pound sentence（并列句）重寫(xiě)成plex sentence（復(fù)合句）時(shí)，只需將第一個(gè)分句改為由從屬連接詞because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句即可。五，考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：考查對(duì)poundplex sentence的掌握和運(yùn)用。具體地說(shuō)，poundplex sentence（并列復(fù)合句）可以是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句與一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句用并列連接詞連接起來(lái)的，也可以是兩個(gè)主從復(fù)合句的并列?！窨忌湫痛痤}錯(cuò)誤分析（錯(cuò)誤）Please give me a week’s notice if you want me to clean your windows, because I am very busy this month.（分析）此句仍是plex sentence（復(fù)合句），因?yàn)閎ecause為從屬連接詞。閱卷中發(fā)現(xiàn)，相當(dāng)多的考生沒(méi)有掌握好連接詞for的用法。平行的結(jié)構(gòu)可以是單詞、詞組、從句，也可以是句子。●考生典型答題錯(cuò)誤分析（錯(cuò)誤）Minnie bought a ticket to the play, arrived at the theater by 8:00,and went out for dinner.（分析）Minnie買(mǎi)票、外出吃飯、到達(dá)劇院是按照時(shí)間順序先后發(fā)生的，次序不能隨意更改。上一講，我們對(duì)第一種題型“重寫(xiě)句子”的考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)與解題思路進(jìn)行了分析和探討，并對(duì)考生答題中的典型錯(cuò)誤作了剖析。判斷題、改錯(cuò)題、改寫(xiě)題等主要考核應(yīng)考生對(duì)句子(The Sentence)和段落(The Paragraph)基本知識(shí)點(diǎn)如改寫(xiě)句子包括改寫(xiě)掉尾句(periodic sentence)、平行結(jié)構(gòu)(parallel structure)等和判斷主題句(topic sentence)等掌握情況；例如：Ⅰ.Revise the following sentences according to the requirement plan began to shake noticeably as soon as it lifted off the runway.(periodic sentence) Joyce39。in－depth knowledge of the environment around interior of Australia is arid and inhospitable to human observers have mistakenly thought that the aborigines,with so few