【正文】 ountriesincluding Norwayin an effort to defend ourselves and all nations from further 。另一場(chǎng)并非是美國挑起的沖突；有包括挪威在內(nèi)的42個(gè)國家在與我們共同努力，為的是保護(hù)我們及其他所有國家不再遭受攻擊。m responsible for the deployment of thousands of young Americans to battle in a distant will kill, and some will be so I e here with an acute sense of the costs of armed conflictfilled with difficult questions about the relationship between war and peace, and our effort to replace one with the ，我們?nèi)蕴幵趹?zhàn)爭時(shí)期，是我派遣成千上萬名美國年輕人遠(yuǎn)赴戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)。因此，我是帶著對(duì)武裝沖突的代價(jià)的敏銳感覺來到這里的心中充滿有關(guān)戰(zhàn)爭與和平的關(guān)系以及我們?yōu)橛煤推饺〈鷳?zhàn)爭而努力的難題。it was simply a fact, like drought or diseasethe manner in which tribes and then civilizations sought power and settled their 。在歷史初期，戰(zhàn)爭的道義性無人質(zhì)疑；它是如同干旱或疾病一樣的現(xiàn)實(shí)是各個(gè)部落以及后來的各種文明謀求權(quán)力和解決分歧的方式。if the force used is proportional?！罢x戰(zhàn)爭”的概念由此形成，亦即認(rèn)為，在符合以下幾個(gè)具體條件時(shí)，戰(zhàn)爭是正義的：如果戰(zhàn)爭是最后手段或是為自我防御；如果武力程度適當(dāng)；以及在一切可能的情況下不對(duì)平民使用暴力。s hard to conceive of a cause more just than the defeat of the Third Reich and the Axis powers, World War II was a conflict in which the total number of civilians who died exceeded the number of soldiers who ，我們都知道，在人類歷史的大部分時(shí)間內(nèi)，這種“正義戰(zhàn)爭”的概念鮮被理會(huì)。軍隊(duì)之間的戰(zhàn)爭變成國家間的戰(zhàn)爭模糊了戰(zhàn)斗人員與平民界線的全面戰(zhàn)爭。雖然難以設(shè)想還有什么比擊敗第三帝國（Third Reich）和軸心國（Axis powers）更正義的事業(yè)，但在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中死亡的平民總數(shù)超過了戰(zhàn)死疆場(chǎng)的軍人。為此，在美國參議院拒絕接受國際聯(lián)盟（League of Nations）的四分之一世紀(jì)后而伍德羅In many ways, these efforts , terrible wars have been fought, and atrocities there has been no Third World Cold War ended with jubilant crowds dismantling a has stitched much of the world have been lifted from ideals of liberty and selfdetermination, equality and the rule of law have haltingly are the heirs of the fortitude and foresight of generations past, and it is a legacy for which my own country is rightfully 。冷戰(zhàn)以興高采烈的人群推倒一堵墻而告結(jié)束；商貿(mào)將世界大片地區(qū)緊密連在了一起；數(shù)十億人口擺脫了貧困；自由、自決、平等和法治的理想斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地向前推進(jìn)。And yet, a decade into a new century, this old architecture is buckling under the weight of new world may no longer shudder at the prospect of war between two nuclear superpowers, but proliferation may increase the risk of has long been a tactic, but modern technology allows a few small men with outsized rage to murder innocents on a horrific ，在進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)已10年之際，這一舊有的架構(gòu)正在越來越難撐新生威脅的重壓?？植乐髁x一貫是一種手段，但現(xiàn)代技術(shù)會(huì)使少數(shù)怒火超量的小人以可怕的規(guī)模殘殺無辜。the growth of secessionist movements, insurgencies, and failed statesall these things have increasingly trapped civilians in unending today39。the seeds of future conflict are sown, economies are wrecked, civil societies torn asunder, refugees amassed, children ，國與國的戰(zhàn)爭正在日益被國家內(nèi)部的戰(zhàn)爭所取代。在今天的戰(zhàn)爭中，平民的死亡大大超過軍人；埋下未來沖突的種子；破壞經(jīng)濟(jì)；摧毀公民社會(huì)；形成大批難民；使兒童遭受創(chuàng)傷。但我確知，應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)要求具有幾十年前那些英勇無畏的前輩所具有的遠(yuǎn)見、勤勞和堅(jiān)韌不拔。We must begin by acknowledging the hard truth: We will not eradicate violent conflict in our will be times when nationsacting individually or in concertwill find the use of force not only necessary but morally ：在我們的有生之年，我們不會(huì)根除暴力沖突。I make this statement mindful of what Martin Luther King in this same ceremony years ago: “Violence never brings permanent solves no social problem: it merely creates new and more plicated ones.” As someone who stands here as a direct consequence of 39。s nothing weaknothing passivenothing na?vein the creed and lives of Gandhi and 金（Martin Luther King Jr.）多年前在這同一儀式上說過的話：“暴力永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)帶來持久和平。我站在這里，作為金博士畢生奮斗的直接受益者，就是對(duì)非暴力的道義力量的活見證。路德But as a head of state sworn to protect and defend my nation, I cannot be guided by their examples face the world as it is, and cannot stand idle in the face of threats to the American make no mistake: Evil does exist in the nonviolent movement could not have halted Hitler39。s leaders to lay down their say that force may sometimes be necessary is not a call to cynicismit is a recognition of history。我面對(duì)的世界是現(xiàn)實(shí)的世界，我不能面對(duì)美國人民遭到的威脅無動(dòng)于衷。一場(chǎng)非暴力運(yùn)動(dòng)不可能阻止希特勒的軍隊(duì)。說武力有時(shí)是必要的并不是讓大家變得憤世嫉俗這是承認(rèn)歷史；是人類的不完美和情理的限度。s sole military ，我以這一點(diǎn)開頭，因?yàn)榻裉煸谠S多國家，對(duì)軍事行動(dòng)，不管出于什么理由，都存在一種深深的矛盾心理。But the world must remember that it was not simply international institutionsnot just treaties and declarationsthat brought stability to a postWorld War II mistakes we have made, the plain fact is this: The United States of America has helped underwrite global security for more than six decades with the blood of our citizens and the strength of our service and sacrifice of our men and women in uniform has promoted peace and prosperity from Germany to Korea, and enabled democracy to take hold in places like the have borne this burden not because we seek to impose our have done so out of enlightened selfinterestbecause we seek a better future for our children and grandchildren, and we believe that their lives will be better if others39。不管我們犯了多少錯(cuò)誤，一個(gè)明白的事實(shí)是：美利堅(jiān)合眾國在60 多年里，以自己公民的鮮血和軍力，幫助維護(hù)和保證了世界的安全。我們承受這些重負(fù)并不是因?yàn)槲覀冎\求強(qiáng)加我們的意志。我們相信如果別人的子子孫孫能生活在自由和繁榮中，他們的生活會(huì)更好。s courage and sacrifice is full of glory, expressing devotion to country, to cause, to rades in war itself is never glorious, and we must never trumpet it as ，是的，戰(zhàn)爭的手