【正文】 校時，學生們對課本上的一字一句毫不懷疑，漸漸地，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)課本和教授并不是無所不知的，于是他們開始獨立思考。” My students, post doctoral fellows, and the young researchers who worked with me at Bell Labs, Stanford, and Berkeley have been 30 former group members are now professors, many at the best research institutions in the world, including have learned much from now, in rare moments on weekends, the remaining members of my biophysics group meet with me in the ether world of 、帶過的博士后、合作過的年輕同事，都非常優(yōu)秀。他們所在的研究機構(gòu)有不少是全世界第一流的，其中就包括哈佛大學。即使現(xiàn)在，我偶爾還會周末上網(wǎng)，向現(xiàn)在還從事生物物理學研究的學生請教。I received more than I brings me to the final movement of this begins with a story about an extraordinary scientific discovery and a new dilemma that it ’s a call to arms and about making a ，開始了教學生涯。這就引出了這次演講的最后一個樂章。它是一個戰(zhàn)斗的號令，到了做出改變的時候了。氣候變化并不是現(xiàn)在才有的，過去60萬年中就發(fā)生了6次冰河期。北極冰蓋在9月份的大小，只相當于50年前的一半。一個重大的科學發(fā)現(xiàn)就這樣產(chǎn)生了。這些變化的原因是，從工業(yè)革命開始，人類排放到大氣中的二氧化碳增加了。因為在氣溫達到均衡前，海水溫度的上升將持續(xù)幾十年。這聽起來好像不多，但是讓我來提醒你，上一次的冰河期，地球的氣溫也僅僅只下降了6度。氣溫上升5度的地球，將是一個非常不同的地球。比如，有人告訴我，在更溫暖的環(huán)境中，昆蟲的個頭將變大。We also face the specter of nonlinear “tipping points” that may cause much more severe example of a tipping point is the thawing of the permafrost contains immense amounts of frozen organic matter that have been accumulating for the soil melts, microbes will spring to life and cause this debris to difference in biological activity below freezing and above freezing is something we are all familiar food remains edible for a very long time in the freezer, but once thawed, it spoils much methane and carbon dioxide might be released from the rotting permafrost? If even a fraction of the carbon is released, it could be greater than all the greenhouse gases we have released to since the beginning of the industrial started, a runaway effect could ，那就是非線性的“氣候引爆點”，這會帶來許多嚴重得多的變化。永久凍土層經(jīng)過千萬年的累積形成，其中包含了巨量的凍僵的有機物。冷凍后的生物和冷凍前的生物，它們在生物學特性上的差異，我們都很熟悉。但是，一旦解凍，食品很快就腐爛了。這種事情一旦發(fā)生，局勢就失控了。we use it to travel across town and across is a fundamental reason for the prosperity we enjoy, and we will not surrender this United States has 3 percent of the world population, and yet, we consume 25 percent of the contrast, there are billion people who don’t have access to of millions of people still cook with twigs or life we enjoy may not be within the reach of the developing world, but it is within sight, and they want what we 氣候問題是我們的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展在無意中帶來的后果。能源是經(jīng)濟繁榮的基礎(chǔ)，我們不可能放棄經(jīng)濟繁榮。與此形成對照，全世界還有16億人沒有電，數(shù)億人依靠燃燒樹枝和動物糞便來煮飯。Here is the much are we willing to invest, as a world society, to mitigate the consequences of climate change that will not be realized for at least 100 years? Deeply rooted in all cultures, is the notion of generational work hard so that their children will have a better change will affect the entire world, but our natural focus is on the welfare of our immediate we, as a world society, meet our responsibility to future generations? 這就是新的挑戰(zhàn)。代際責任深深植根于所有文化中。氣候變化將影響整個世界，但是我們的天性使得我們只關(guān)心個人家庭的福利。我同意出任勞倫斯我在那里干了4年半，是這個實驗室78年的歷史中，任期最短的主任，但是當我離任時，在伯克利實驗室和伯克利分校，一些非常激動人心的能源研究機構(gòu)已經(jīng)建立起來了。如果有一個時機，可以引導美國和全世界走上可持續(xù)能源的道路，那么這個時機就是現(xiàn)在。我也抱有這種樂觀主義。We know some of the answers are immediate and significant savings in energy efficiency and efficiency is not just lowhanging fruit。它們不是掛在枝頭的水果，而是已經(jīng)成熟掉在地上了，就看我們愿不愿意撿起來。樓宇的耗電占我們能源消費的40%，節(jié)能樓宇的推廣將使我們二氧化碳的釋放減少三分之一。我們將大量投資有效利用太陽能、風能、核能的新方法，大量投資能夠捕獲和隔離電廠廢氣中的二氧化碳的方法。In the ing decades, we will almost certainly face higher oil prices and be in a carbonconstrained have the opportunity to lead in development of a new, industrial great hockey player, Wayne Gretzky, when asked, how he positions himself on the ice, he replied,“ I skate to where the puck is going to be, not where it’s been.” America should do the ，我們幾乎肯定會面對更高的油價和更嚴厲的二氧化碳排放政策。偉大的冰球選手Wayne Gretzky被問到，他如何在冰上跑位，回答說：“我滑向球下一步的位置，而不是它現(xiàn)在的位置。The Obama administration is laying a new foundation for a prosperous and sustainable energy future, but we don’t have all of the ’s where you e this address, I am asking you, the Harvard graduates, to join our future intellectual leaders, take the time to learn more about what’s at stake, and then act on that future scientists and engineers, I ask you to give us better technology future economists and political scientists, I ask you to create better policy future business leaders, I ask that you make sustainability an integral part of your ，打下新的基礎(chǔ)。這就需要你們的參與。你們是我們未來的智力領(lǐng)袖，請花時間加深理解目前的危險局勢，然后采取相應的行動。你們是未來的經(jīng)濟學家和政治學家，我要求你們創(chuàng)造更好的政策選擇。Finally, as humanists, I ask that you speak to our mon of the cruelest ironies about climate change is that the ones who will be hurt the most are the most innocent: the worlds poorest and those yet to be 最后，你們是人道主義者，我要求你們?yōu)榱巳说乐髁x說話。The coda to this last movement is borrowed from two 。路德這是1967年他對越南戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束的評論，但是看上去非常適合用來評論今天的氣候危機。s tribe, race, class, and nation is in reality a call for an allembracing and unconditional love for all oft misunderstood, this oft misinterpreted concept, so readily dismissed by the Nietzsches of the world as a weak and cowardly force, has now bee an absolute necessity for the survival of man ? We are now faced with the fact, my friends, that tomorrow is are confronted with the fierce urgency of this unfolding conundrum of life and history, there is such a thing as being too late.” “我呼吁全世界的人們團結(jié)一心，拋棄種族、膚色、階級、國籍的隔閡；我呼吁包羅一切、無條件的對全人類的愛。但是，這是人類存在下去的絕對必需。此刻，我們面臨最緊急的情況?！盩he final message is from William December 10th, 1950, his Nobel Prize banquet speech was about the role of humanists in a world facing potential nuclear 1950年12月10月，他在諾貝爾獎獲獎晚宴上發(fā)表演說，談到了世界在核戰(zhàn)爭的陰影之下，人道主義者應該扮演什么樣的角色。s, the writer39。人類是不朽的，這不是因為萬物當中僅僅他擁有發(fā)言權(quán)，而是因為他有一個靈魂，一種有同情心、犧牲精神和忍耐力的精神。他們有權(quán)力升華人類的心靈，使人類回憶起過去曾經(jīng)使他無比光榮的東西——勇氣、榮譽、希望、自尊、同情、憐憫和犧牲。當你們追求個人的志向時，我希望你們也會發(fā)揚奉獻精神，積極發(fā)聲，在大大小小各個方面幫助改進這個世界。Please accept my warmest you prosper, may you help preserve and save our planet for your children, and all future children of the ，請接受我最熱烈的祝賀。第二篇：朱棣文在哈佛大學畢業(yè)典禮上的演講朱棣文在哈佛大學畢業(yè)典禮上的演講朱棣文（Steven Chu，1948年2月28日－），美國物理學家，生于美國圣路易斯；華人血統(tǒng)，祖籍中國江蘇太倉，曾獲得諾貝爾物理學獎（1997年）。我懷著回報社會的想法，開始了教學生涯。這就引出了這次演講的最后一個樂章。它是一個戰(zhàn)斗的號令，到了做出改變的時候了。氣候變化并不是現(xiàn)在才