【正文】 n collect so much money is difficult to ，而定語(yǔ)從句不可以(1)The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is (2)The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3)The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.(4)The fact is that the earth moves around the 定語(yǔ)從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。1）who, whom, that這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）He is the man whom/ that I saw 。Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is 。（which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to e 。2）that前不能有介詞。例如：This is the house in which I lived two years 。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。3．關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why等。例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a ，who is shaking hands with my father 是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the man，“who”是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞，代替先行詞the man，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。The boys who are playing football are from Class 。Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his 。2．whom 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷?。Li Ming is just the boy(whom)I want to 。The girl(whom)the teacher often praises is our 。The man(whom / who)you met just now is my old ．Which 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷?。The factory which makes puters is far away from 。The house which is by the lake looks 。The film(which)they went to see last night was not interesting at 。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常可省略。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那個(gè)人在哪兒？The person that /whom you introduced to me is very 。Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from 。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the 。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen 。The school(which / that)he once studied in is very school in which he once studied is very 。ll bring here the magazine(which / that)you asked I’ll bring here the magazine for which you 。We39。The manager whose pany I work in pays much attention to improving our working The manager in whose pany I work pays much attention to improving our working 。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。This is the watch for which I am looking.(誤)The babies(whom / who / that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.(正)那個(gè)保姆照看的小寶寶們都很健康。關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose。The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour.(誤)The plane in which we flew to Canada was really fortable.(正)我們?nèi)ゼ幽么笏俗娘w機(jī)實(shí)在很舒服。如：He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to ，他們倆待他都很好。There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big ，大多數(shù)來(lái)自大城市。（四）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1． when 指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。The time when we got together finally 。Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his ？2． where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled 。Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 這是他們當(dāng)初打敵人的地方嗎？3． why 指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。The reason why he was punished is unknown to 。注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)?？梢杂谩敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示。Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they 。（五）限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式上不用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開。意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不完整。譯法上譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)：“．．．的”通常譯成主句的并列句。China is a country which has a long 。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例 ：His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with ，對(duì)他要求很嚴(yán)格。Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every ，我參觀了人民大會(huì)堂，在那兒每年都要舉行許多重要會(huì)議。（意含： 她還有其他哥哥。（意含：她只有一個(gè)哥哥。（意含： 不帶插圖的書則不一定寫得好。（意含：沒有不帶插圖的書。如：Have you taken down everything that said? 李老師講的你都記下來(lái)了嗎？There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the 。There is little that I can do for 。注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who，如：Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a 。2．當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。3．當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。4．當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only修飾時(shí)。After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he ，那輛舊車成了他的唯一擁有。如：Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the 。如：Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在門口的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？Which is the Tshirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？6．當(dāng)先行詞為人與動(dòng)物或人與物時(shí)。Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the 毛驢。具體情況是： 和which都可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，代表前面整個(gè)句子。He is honest, as / which we can ，這一點(diǎn)我們看得出來(lái)。which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只可放在主句之后。如：As is known to all, China is a developing ，中國(guó)是發(fā)展中國(guó)家。John, as you know, is a famous ，約翰是個(gè)著名作家。注意：當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，關(guān)系詞往往只用which。These tables are made of metal, which made them very ，這使得這些桌子很重。如：I’ve never heard such stories as he 。This is the same dictionary as I lost last 。如：She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s 。(三)以the way為先行詞的限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常由in which或that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷浴 don’t like the way(that / in which)you laugh at 。試比較： know a place where we can have a 。 will never forget the days when we spent our holidays 。 is the reason why he was 。（五）but 有時(shí)也用作關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。（but = who don’t）（六）定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1．定語(yǔ)從句修飾限定先行詞，它與先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，它與先行詞是同位關(guān)系。The fact that he has already died is quite clear.（同位語(yǔ)從句）他已經(jīng)去世了，這個(gè)事實(shí)很明了。同位語(yǔ)從句主要由連詞that 引導(dǎo)，在從句中一般不擔(dān)當(dāng)成分；有時(shí)也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等連詞引導(dǎo)，這些連詞則在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。The news that he has just died is true.（同位語(yǔ)從句）他剛剛?cè)ナ懒?，這個(gè)消息是真的。The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.（同位語(yǔ)從句）我們?nèi)绾位I集這么多資金，這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難解決。The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer.（同位語(yǔ)從句）他是否一定會(huì)贏得那場(chǎng)比賽，這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難回答。如： idea that he we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.（同位語(yǔ)從句）我們可以向老師請(qǐng)教，這個(gè)主意不錯(cuò)。The fact is that the earth moves around the attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals.（同位語(yǔ)從句）請(qǐng)注意如何保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物這個(gè)問(wèn)題。s the I most like to visit 39。d like most to visit keeps a record of everythinghe had seen said that Suzhou was the first cityhe had visited in TV play I watched last night is the best one I have watched this this the museumyou visited the other day? which one is the very filmI39。t be overe