【正文】 快（時(shí)間）from there:從那地方起from 即可以加時(shí)間又可以加地點(diǎn) from half past 8 to half past 11 from Beijing to Tianjing fly to Perth: go to Perth by air before——副詞，在此之前現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志 find trip exciting find +賓語(yǔ)+形容詞做賓補(bǔ)find the room clean find her happy is finding I39。t stayed in ______p1ace.(a)the only(b)a similar(c)the same(d)alike Springs is a small town is usually ________.(a)bigger than a village but smaller than a city(b)bigger than a city(c)the same size as a city(d)the same size as a village will soon visit will visit Darwin _________.(a)quick1y(b)for a short time(c)shortly(d)in a hurry will fly to will go there ________.(a)with air(b)in air(c)by air(d)through air語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use1．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間概念有時(shí)是不確定的，我們所關(guān)心的是現(xiàn)存的結(jié)果，或者過(guò)去發(fā)生的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。經(jīng)常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的副詞和副詞短語(yǔ)有：before（now）（〈在此〉以前）；so far（到目前為止）；up to now（直到現(xiàn)在）；just（剛剛）；already（已經(jīng)）；lately（最近）；now（現(xiàn)在）；疑問(wèn)句和否定句中常用ever, yet, never, not? ever等。2．同位語(yǔ)(Appositives)一個(gè)名詞（或短語(yǔ)等）與另一個(gè)名詞（或短語(yǔ)）并列而作為其說(shuō)明或限定成分時(shí)稱為同位語(yǔ)。課文中有兩句話含有同位語(yǔ)：I have just received a letter from my brother, 。它們指的是同一個(gè)人。（在這句話中 a small town in the centre of Australia是Alice Springs的同位語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明這是個(gè)多大的鎮(zhèn)子，在什么地方）在譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)或者插入主句中，或者另譯為一句，很少像英語(yǔ)中那樣用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。同位語(yǔ)如果太長(zhǎng)，可以另譯為一句。這是澳大利亞中部的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。他是我最好的朋友之一?！颊Z(yǔ)法精粹〗下面表示狀態(tài)、感覺(jué)、情緒、精神活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí) believe。He has have been here for three :發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到find the book dirty find+n.+a.【Multiple choice questions】(3).....at...表示位置be at...(典型表示位置的介詞短語(yǔ)）go to...只要有to這個(gè)感念，它的后面一定要有賓語(yǔ)，go to the theater go in...(in 做副詞）很小加賓語(yǔ)He went into...有去向的動(dòng)作，還有進(jìn)入的動(dòng)作go into the room move:搬家move in:搬進(jìn)來(lái)move to the new house:正在搬 move into :搬進(jìn)去了(4).....how long...對(duì)段時(shí)間提問(wèn)，跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相連 have+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞第二篇：新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)新概念英語(yǔ)二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法詳解和總結(jié)《一、學(xué)習(xí)前的準(zhǔn)備《新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)》旨在全面訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的4項(xiàng)技能、理解、口語(yǔ)、閱讀、寫作。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，具有以下知識(shí)便可進(jìn)入《新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)》的學(xué)習(xí)：動(dòng)詞be與have現(xiàn)在時(shí)與過(guò)去時(shí)的基本用法。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：能夠識(shí)別；懂得動(dòng)詞第3人稱單數(shù)上添加s,es, 或ies后綴。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：能夠識(shí)別。過(guò)去完成時(shí)：能夠識(shí)別。助動(dòng)詞：can, may與must的基本用法；能夠識(shí)別could, might與would的形式。1能夠回答以助動(dòng)詞與疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭的問(wèn)句。1冠詞：定冠詞與不定冠詞。1名詞：能夠用s,es，ves后綴組成名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式；會(huì)用常見(jiàn)的不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式：men, women, children, teeth r等形式?！奔觭(39。1形容詞：基本用法；規(guī)則的比較級(jí)；不規(guī)則的比較級(jí)：good, bad, 、介詞：常見(jiàn)的地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、方位介詞的用法。1this/that。省略形式：it39。m, isn39。t等。there are/they are。2一周7天的名稱、日期、季節(jié)、數(shù)字、時(shí)辰（今天、昨天、明天等）。二、新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)總結(jié)和詳解:主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)+方式狀語(yǔ)+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)還可以放在句首，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)感嘆句：what+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)，how+形容詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)頻度副詞：位于主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間，常見(jiàn)頻度副詞及其程度的深淺： always, often, usually, frequently, sometimes, hardly, rarely, seldom, never I always buy CDs on 直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，間接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所涉及的人或事務(wù)，也可以說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰(shuí)做的，或者是為誰(shuí)做的。He gives me a , a book直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)的位置調(diào)換時(shí)要加一個(gè)介詞to或for，to表示動(dòng)作對(duì)誰(shuí)而做，for表示動(dòng)作為誰(shuí)而做。2．不定冠詞還可以用來(lái)修飾一類事物，有時(shí)候也可以省略： A cat is a lovely is a lovely ．不可數(shù)名詞加冠詞表示一類事物：Apple is a ．如果特制某人,某物或上文提過(guò)的人或物時(shí)要用定冠詞the 5．Some表示一些，可以修飾可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞。put on/take off/look for/look after/knock at/knock ，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 短語(yǔ)：在短語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞后面的介詞或副詞叫小品詞，有些小品詞既可以緊跟在動(dòng)詞后面也可以跟在動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后面，而有些則只能緊跟著動(dòng)詞使用。uon:表示星期：on Monday 表示具體日期：on June 1st表示具體時(shí)間：on that day/that evening/on that night uat:表示確切時(shí)間：at 10 o’clock表示用餐時(shí)間：at lunch time/teatime表示其他時(shí)刻：at noon/night/midnight, at this time uduring+一段時(shí)間 ufrom…till utill/untill直到not any=no，語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng) ：結(jié)構(gòu)：be+過(guò)去分詞 用法：u主語(yǔ)不清或不需要提及時(shí)I was born in apple was ，為了說(shuō)明動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，用by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者 The policeman caught the thief was caught by the made in/be made of/be made from/be made by 雙重名詞所有格：one of +形容詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格+名詞復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù)名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格one of my father’s friends/a friend of my father’s one of my friends/a friend of mine one of your records/a record of yours 動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)的用法：want/help/ask/teach/advise do, 代詞要用賓格形式 borrow/lend, salary/wages ：be going to結(jié)構(gòu)的用法 be+副詞詞組：be away/be back/be out/be in/be over/be on/be up to sb./ out=set off, set up=create ： 名詞所有格：如果名詞復(fù)數(shù)以S結(jié)尾一般只加‘，如果名詞是以S結(jié)尾的專有名詞如人名，可以加’S, 也可以直接加‘，如：Keats’ work, the Johns’ house名詞所有格也可以用來(lái)表示無(wú)生命的 1． 時(shí)間：today’s, new centry’s2． 國(guó)家，城市名詞：the country’s, the city’s3． 機(jī)構(gòu)組織：the station’s waiting room, the university’s library 4． 車，船，用具: the car’s wheel, the puter’s harddisk 5． 專有結(jié)構(gòu)：at one’s wit’s end, 6． 價(jià)值：ten pound’s worth of meat, 7． 時(shí)間：in twenty minutes’ time ： ask/ask forexcept/except for/apart fromwhich of/neither of/both of/neither of （一）如果引語(yǔ)的主句所用動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)，那么間接引語(yǔ)要做相應(yīng)變化：時(shí)態(tài)，人稱，時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞u時(shí)態(tài)變化：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)——一般過(guò)去時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)——過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)——過(guò)去完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)——過(guò)去完成時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)——過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)be going to——was/were going to/would cancould maymightu時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞的變化：here—there, tomorrow—the next day, the following day, this—that… u人稱變化：根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q。時(shí)候，以。那樣 dress/suit/costume grow/grow up give in, give away, give up, give up beside/besidesmight as well表示“還是?！?He will never might as well give ： 動(dòng)名詞 1． 動(dòng)詞的ing形式在起名詞作用時(shí)稱為動(dòng)名詞。 of Unit two 我們可以將幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起,組成并列句,常用以下連詞:and, but, so, yet, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but …as well, not only…but also主謂一致:u當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and , both…and 連接時(shí), the girls and the boy are his … nor, either…or, not only…but also或or 連接時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與 nor, or, but also后面的一致,在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中， he nor I am going to the only Mary but also her parents have gone ,狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞,:appear(看起來(lái)), appreciate(鑒賞), believe(相信), feel(感覺(jué)到), forget(忘記), hear(聽(tīng)見(jiàn)), know(知道), like(喜歡), look like(看起來(lái)像), notice(注意到), remember(記得), resemble(形似), see(看到), think(認(rèn)為), understand(理解), have(擁有),love(愛(ài)), seem(看起來(lái)), show(顯示), mind(介意), sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái)), hate(討厭), detest(憎恨), desire(意欲)，引號(hào):n引號(hào)位于一行之上,應(yīng)該在句尾其他標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào), 如逗號(hào),句號(hào), asked, 等詞后面用逗號(hào), asked等詞置于引語(yǔ)之間時(shí), 常用不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞在英語(yǔ)里約有300多個(gè)put up(搭建), put out(撲滅), put on(穿上), put (為某人安排住宿), put up with(容忍), put down(抄寫), put off(推遲), put away(放好，放到一邊去)(見(jiàn)復(fù)合句部分)l與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間副詞:yet, just, before, recently, lately, ever, never，so far(迄今為止), up till now(直到現(xiàn)在), up to now(直到現(xiàn)在), since(自從), for a long time(很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間), in the past/in the last few years(在過(guò)去的幾年里), these days(目前)，l某些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)作開(kāi)始變終止的動(dòng)詞), 在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不能與表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)搭配:例如:die, arrive, join, leave, go, refuse , fail, finish, buy, marry, divorce, awake, buy, borrow, lend, 這些動(dòng)詞并非不能用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),， has gone away for a month.(wrong)Jane has been away for a month.(right)His father has died for two years.(wrong)His father has been dead for two years.(right)