【正文】
reported that the rheological characteristics of ophthalmic solutions greatly influence the precorneal residence time and the feel to the eye [7]. However, there has been almost no research which examined the properties of various polymer solutions from the viewpoint of rheology. The present study aimed at assessing the effect of the position of a thermosetting gel solution vehicle on its rheological properties. Furthermore, rheological properties were pared among different solutions, with the other in situ gelling systems for ophthalmic use as control. Experimental Materials Four different kinds of methylcellulose (MC), that is, Metolose (SM 15, 25, 400, 1500) by ShinEtsu Chemical (Japan) were used. Polyethylene glycol 1000 (mean molecular weight 950–1050), 4000 (mean molecular weight 2600–3800), 6000 (mean molecular weight 7300–9300) (to be abbreviated to PEG 1000, 4000, 6000) and sodium citrate dihydrate (SC) were special grhemical Industries (Japan), and Poloxamer 407 used was Lutrol F127 by BASF (Japan). Timolol maleate was purchased from Industrie Chemiche Italiane (Italy), ketotifen fumarate from Kyowa Yakuhin Kogyo (Japan), Ofloxacin from Sigma (Japan), and betamethasone sodium phosphate from Sicor (France). The other reagents used were all special class grade on the market. Simulated tear fluid was prepared by adding distilled water to g of sodium chloride, g of sodium bicarbonate, and g of calcium chloride dihydrate until the total volume of solution reached 100 mL according to the preparation described by Rozier et al Preparation of thermosetting gel vehicle The thermosetting gel vehicle was prepared according to the method described in a previous paper with slight modification [6]. A hot slurry was prepared by adding g of MC to 50 mL of distilled water heated to 90 _C with stirring and allowing it to disperse sufficiently. The slurry was cooled to 5 _C and mixed with a solution of g SC in 30 mL distilled water, then with a solution of varying amounts (2–10 g) of PEG in 15 mL distilled water. The mixture was stirred until it became transparent. After adjusting its pH with 3 N hydrochloric acid, the mixture was made up to 100 mL with distilled water, and used as the thermosetting gel vehicle. The drug was added after addition of PEG. Preparation of various in situ gelling solutions A hot slurry was prepared by adding MC ( g of SM15 and g of SM 400) to 50 mL of distilled water heated to 90 _C with stirring and allowing it to disperse sufficiently. The slurry was cooled to 5 _C, mixed with a solution of g SC in 30 mL distilled water, then with a solution of g PEG 4000 in 15 mL distilled water. The mixture was stirred until it became transparent. After adjusting its pH to with 3 N hydrochloric acid, the mixture was made up to 100 mL with distilled water and used as the thermosetting gelling solution. Gellan gum solution was prepared by dissolving g gellan gum in 90 mL of M Tris maleate buffer solution (pH ), then mixing it with g mannitol. The resultant solution was made up to 100 mL with M Tris maleate buffer solution (pH ) [8]. Poloxamer solution was prepared by dissolving 25 g poloxamer in 70 mL of So168。當 SC濃度保持恒定,可逆性溶膠 凝膠轉(zhuǎn)變溫度降低取決于 PEG和 MC的濃度,但不取決于 PEG分子量。同樣的原理似乎將用在 低溫下的熱定形凝膠。當 PEG 1000和 PEG 6000代替 PEG 4000時,熱定形凝膠的溫度依賴于 PEG的濃度而降低。 PEG引起了葡聚糖水溶液的相分離,此外,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),過量添加 PEG誘導熱定形凝膠( MC–PEG–SC系統(tǒng))相分離(微相分離),通過上述研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了 PEG通過誘導微相分離加速 MC形成交聯(lián)的解決方案。其膠凝機理被報道的三甲基葡萄糖序列和交 聯(lián)結(jié)晶,可逆的溶膠凝膠轉(zhuǎn)變溫度(熱固膠凝溫度)通常是由鹽的加入而降低,它是強陰離子的作用效果,由于檸檬酸強烈的鹽析效應(yīng),降低了熱定形凝膠對 MC的脫水溫度。 MC呈現(xiàn)出溶于水的纖維素,有高的結(jié)晶度和低的水溶性部分。C時,溶液的粘度不再增加。當 PEG濃度為 10%時,溶液的粘度在 24176。 圖 1和 2分別顯示了溫度對熱定形凝膠溶液的表觀粘度的影響,試管反演方法和流變儀測量法。表觀粘 度測定用流變儀測定。 圖 1 圖 1 溫度對熱定形凝膠溶液的表觀粘度的影響。 綜合以上考慮,應(yīng)該使用試管倒置法和彈性力學與流變儀測定法。落球法和異型管法用來測定凝膠的熔點。將 5毫升的樣品放在玻璃測試管中( 12貼片機的直徑,內(nèi)徑 ),然后將測試管放在一個恒溫浴中 5分鐘。 泊洛沙姆溶液的制備 在索倫森緩沖溶液( )中溶解 25克 PM,將所得混合物在 5℃ 下放置 24小時,然后混合 ,將所得 70毫升溶液與索倫森緩沖溶液( pH )中和至 100mL。攪拌該混合物直到透明。 原位凝膠溶液的制備 將 50毫升的蒸餾水加熱至 90℃ 后加入 MC( : GOF SM400)后攪拌均勻,制備漿料。 2 實驗材料 四種不同的甲基纖維素( MC),即, MC( SM 15, 25, 400, 1500),聚乙二醇 1000(平均分子量 950–1050), 4000(平均分子量 2600–3800), 6000(平均分子量 7300–9300)簡稱 PEG 1000, 4000, 6000)和二水檸檬酸鈉( SC),泊洛沙姆 407,馬來酸噻嗎洛爾,氧氟沙 星,倍他米松磷酸鈉。 本研究的目的在于評估熱定形凝膠溶液流變性質(zhì)的影響。C,呈現(xiàn)出粘度隨溫度升高而明顯變化的特性。聚合物的使用被認為是有效的,因為他們增加了藥物的效用,聚合物的使用也有其缺點,如由于溶液的粘度高會出現(xiàn)灌注困難和不適感。 [關(guān)鍵詞 ] 熱定形凝膠 ;溶膠凝膠轉(zhuǎn)變溫度;甲基纖維素聚乙二醇檸檬酸三元體系 1 前言 本研究提高了眼用溶液在吸收過程中利用度差的問題,例如,在溶液溶解時利 用這個屬性而由此獲得的聚合物。C降低 至 26176??赡鏌峁绦栽荒z凝流變特性的解決方案與甲基纖維素聚乙二醇檸檬酸三元系統(tǒng) Masanobu Takeuchi Shinji Kageyama Hidekazu Suzuki Takahiro著, ….. 譯 . [摘要 ] 可逆性溶膠凝膠溫度的轉(zhuǎn)變受到甲基纖維素 (MC)、聚乙二醇 (PEG)、檸檬酸 (SC) 三元體系的影響,通過流變學測量得出原位凝膠體系的性能。當 PEG( 4000)的濃度在 0%到 10%范圍內(nèi)變化, MC( 25)和 SC濃度分別保持在 %和 %時,隨著 PEG濃度的增加,可逆性溶膠轉(zhuǎn)變溫度從 38176。C,然而,溫度降低的程度不受 PEG分子量的影響,隨著 MC濃度的增加可逆溶膠 ~凝膠的溫度降低,同時隨著 ph值的降低可逆溶膠 ~凝膠的溫度升高,在流變特性的比較方面,目前原位膠凝的設(shè)置解決方案和常規(guī)相比,如結(jié)冷膠溶液或泊洛沙姆 407,顯示目前的解決方案從根本上有別于傳統(tǒng)的解決方案,這些研究結(jié)果表明,這項研究中的三元體系可作為在眼部傳遞灌輸系統(tǒng)的藥物。通過在滴眼液中加入聚合物來延長持續(xù)時間,從而增加藥物在角膜前停留時間來改善結(jié)膜滲透性。 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種熱固性凝膠溶液在甲基纖維素聚乙二醇檸檬酸三元系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用,并開發(fā)了一種含馬來酸噻嗎洛爾,可以用來治療青光眼的眼用溶液,據(jù)報道,長效的眼用溶液的流量曲線觸變性在 32176。據(jù)報道,眼科溶液流變特性極大地影響角膜滯留時間和眼睛的 感覺,我們考察了不同聚合物溶液的性質(zhì),以前幾乎沒有從流變學的觀點來研究的先例。此外,從流變性方面與其他原位凝膠在眼科中應(yīng)用進行比較。 按羅齊爾等描述的在 、 、 入蒸餾水直到總體積達到 100毫升來制備人工淚液。將其冷卻至 5℃ ,在 30ml蒸餾水中混合 SC,然后在 15ml蒸餾水溶液中混合 400。用 3N鹽酸調(diào)節(jié)其pH值至 ,在混合物中加蒸餾水至 100 mL,作為熱硬化性凝膠溶液。 膠凝溫度通過試管倒置法測量 通過試管倒置法測定可逆性溶膠凝膠溫度。在該溫度下的樣品沒有流出作為可逆的溶膠凝膠的轉(zhuǎn)變溫度 3 結(jié)果與討論 PEG對可逆溶膠凝膠轉(zhuǎn)變溫度的影響 有幾種方法可用來 測量可逆溶膠 –凝膠的轉(zhuǎn)變溫度,如測試管法,落球法,U型管法,流變儀。由于凝膠的熔點和凝固點不同,本研究不太適合用落球法和 U形管方法, MO設(shè)置凝膠的凝點很重要的一點是利用 DSC對溫度不敏感的特性。在三元( MC~PEG~SC)系統(tǒng)中特別應(yīng)該注意的是 PEG,該添加劑的作用已知。聚乙二醇濃度: 0 %, 2 %, 4 %, 6 %,8 %, 10 %。甲基纖維素( SM 25)和檸檬酸鈉二水合物的濃度分別恒定保持在 %和 %,而聚乙二醇( PEG 4000)的濃度變化范圍在 0%到 10% 圖 2 試管反演方法和流變儀測量法,圖中 x 和 y 分別表示用試管倒置法測量的相轉(zhuǎn)變溫度和用流變儀測量的相轉(zhuǎn)變溫度,甲基纖維素 (SM 25)和檸檬酸鈉二水物濃度分別保持恒定在 2 %和 %,聚乙二醇( PEG 4000)的濃度變化范圍在 0%到 10%之間。如圖所示,當 MC( SM 25)和 SC濃度保持恒定在 %和 %不變時,同時 PEG 4000濃度的變化范圍在 0%到 10%之間,可逆的溶膠凝膠轉(zhuǎn)變溫度隨著 PEG濃度的增加而下降。C 時開始增加 ,然而當溫度增加到 34176。膠凝溫度測試管反演方法和流變儀方法得到的數(shù)據(jù)之間有