關(guān)于管理概論的講義(英文版)-在線瀏覽
2025-02-26 21:22本頁面
【正文】 sion criteria Allocation of weights to criteria Development of alternatives Analysis of alternatives Selection of an alternative Implementation of the alternative Evaluation of decision effectiveness 11 硬商品買賣在阿里巴巴 軟商品交易在阿里巧巧 Making Decisions： The Rational Model The problem is clear and unambiguous. A single welldefined goal is to be achieved. All alternatives and consequences are known. Preferences are clear. Preferences are constant and stable. No time or cost constraints exist. Final choice will maximize economic payoff. 12 硬商品買賣在阿里巴巴 軟商品交易在阿里巧巧 Modification of the Rational Model – Bounded Rationality What the managers do is construct simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all of their plexities. A decision in which “good enough” solutions are selected. 13 硬商品買賣在阿里巴巴 軟商品交易在阿里巧巧 Common Errors are Committed in the Decisionmaking Process Heuristics ?Judgment shortcuts Availability heuristic Representative heuristic Escalation of mitment 14 硬商品買賣在阿里巴巴 軟商品交易在阿里巧巧 How Do Problems Differ Wellstructured problems Straightforward, familiar, easily defined problems. Illstructured problems New problems in which information is ambiguous or inplete. 15 硬商品買賣在阿里巴巴 軟商品交易在阿里巧巧 How Do Decisions Differ Programmed decision A repetitive decision that can be handled by a routine approach. ?Procedure ?Rule ?Policy Nonprogrammed decision Such decisions are unique and nonrecurring. 16 硬商品買賣在阿里巴巴 軟商品交易在阿里巧巧 Types of Problems, Types of Decision, and Level in the Organization IllStructured WellStructured Type of problem Top Lower Level in anization Programmed deci
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