現(xiàn)代綠色化學(xué)與化工概述英文版-在線瀏覽
2025-02-03 10:31本頁面
【正文】 ion: ‘The continuous application of an integrated preventative environmental strategy to processes and products to reduce risks to humans and the environment. For production processes, cleaner production includes conserving raw materials, and reducing the quality and toxicity of all emissions and wastes before they leave a process.’Atom economyTable ‘Atom accounts’ for a typical partial oxidation reaction using chromateElement Fate Atom utilisationC Product(s) Up to 100%H Product(s) + waste acid 100%Cr Chromium waste 0%Na Salt waste 0%S Salt waste (after acid neutralisation) 0%O Product(s) + waste 100%Atom economy: how many atoms of the starting material are converted to useful products and how many to waste. A typical oxidation reaction: an alcohol → a carboxylic acidchromium (VI) as the stoichiometric oxidant Environmental factor It is used to quantify the effects of production process to the environmentIdea: All other pounds formed other than the target product are considered to be WASTE.Atom Economy and environmental effectsWhere does the waste e from?Environmental factorE=The amount of wasteThe amount of target productThe more waste formed The more serious the pollutionIf the atom Utilization=100%E=0Environmental factorEnvironmental factorTable Relative efficiencies of different chemicals manufacturing sectors? Areas traditionally thought of as being dirty (oil refining bulk chemical production) are relati
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