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er. 參考譯文,我可不信。 形合與意合167。 過了一些時候,從遠方傳來了消息:在小銅球墜落的當(dāng)天,確實發(fā)生了地震。167。 彩虹有多種顏色,外圈紅,內(nèi)圈紫。 人不犯我,我不犯人。 We will not attack unless we are attacked.167。(排比)167。 不到黃河心不死。 Until all is over, ambition never dies.167。(四字格)167。 英語句法結(jié)構(gòu)重形合,句中各成分的相互結(jié)合常用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞語,以表示其結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系。 漢語句法結(jié)構(gòu)重意合,句中各成分的相互結(jié)合多依靠語義的貫通,語境的映襯,少用連接詞語。 Even if the monk can run away, his temple cannot run with him. 跑得了和尚,跑不了廟。3. Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 謙虛使人進步,驕傲使人落后。 從上例可看出,英語十分注重句子的形式和結(jié)構(gòu)的完整,上面英語句子主干為The boy said,但節(jié)外生枝,疊床架屋,竟有5個從句,用了who, as if, when, that, because等多個連接成分,形成一個空間構(gòu)架,猶如“枝葉繁茂的參天大樹”,呈樹狀。Chinese bamboolike sentence structure (竹式結(jié)構(gòu)) with different sections linked and yet separatedEnglish treelike sentence structure (樹式結(jié)構(gòu))with different parts connected like branches and subbranches to the trunk line167。 我有一個問題弄不懂,想請教你,你能回答嗎?(比較:你能回答一個使我弄不懂而又想問你的問題嗎?)167。 上星期日傍晚。取傘者如不愿卷入糾紛,還是將傘送至布勞德街十號為妙。167。漢語也有含蓄表達法,但較常用作修辭手段。 167。 我發(fā)現(xiàn)房子著了火,這使我大吃一驚。 2)It serves no little purpose to continue public discussion of this issue.167。167。 他非常喜歡那姑娘。 2)I couldn’t feel better. (=I’m feeling firstrate)我覺得身體好極了。 1)Flartery is more dangerous than hatred because it covers the stain which the other causes to be wiped out.167。167。 閱讀訓(xùn)練人的眼睛,說話訓(xùn)練人的口齒,寫作訓(xùn)練人的思維。 我興奮得什么話都說不出來。 被動和主動? They are paid for this.? The difficulties have been overe, and the problem solved.? Table tennis is played all over China.? Why should all these unpleasant jobs be pushed on to me?他們拿錢就是干這事的。)困難克服了,問題也解決了。為什么總要把這些麻煩事推給我? 靜態(tài)和動態(tài)? If you have any problems, she is a good listener. ? There is a crying need for a new remedy. ? It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal. 如果你有麻煩事,她會傾聽你訴說。 要不是我能干重活,早就給辭退了。1. Party officials worked long hour on meager food, in old caves, by dim lamps. 2. What film will be on this evening? 3. He walked around the house with a gun. 4. A study of that letter leaves us in no doubt as to the motives behind it. 參考譯文 1. 黨的干部吃著粗茶淡飯,住著寒冷的窯洞,點著昏暗的油燈,長時間地工作。4. 研究一下那封信,就使我們毫不懷疑該信是別有用心的。他們的古怪行為常常令人皺眉。以下長句引自美國官方的一篇文章167。vesaid it。珀爾v 祝賀您!v 您現(xiàn)在取得的成功,已經(jīng)遠遠超越了兒時的夢想。但是,與財富與成功伴隨而來的還有一些挑戰(zhàn)。很多人一開始都是創(chuàng)造了巨大財富,但其子孫后代卻落得一貧如洗,結(jié)局十分凄慘。但是,這并不意味著對孩子有求必應(yīng),或者“溺愛”孩子。您已經(jīng)確立了自己獨特的價值觀——即您所信奉的原則——正是它們幫助您獲得了成功。與商業(yè)成功相關(guān)的常見價值觀如下:家庭的重要作用、節(jié)約開支,不濫用財富 ,努力學(xué)習(xí),尊重教育辛勤工作,注重細節(jié),細微之處見精神,遵守道德規(guī)范,相信自我,不妄自菲薄。關(guān)鍵是您需要找出究竟是哪些價值觀成就了您的成功。從孩子幼年時,您就可以通過講故事的方式與他們交流,他們年齡稍大點,就可以通過舉例說明,為何您選擇了這條道路?因為您的價值觀。例如,如果您把節(jié)約開支看作很重要的一項價值觀,那么您就要做出表率讓孩子知道,雖然您能買得起很多心儀的物品,例如一輛全新的跑車,但是卻并沒有買,因為節(jié)約金錢曾助您取得今天的成就。最后一點,培養(yǎng)孩子對事物的熱情——例如樂器、地理、外語、足球、機械、武術(shù)或收集硬幣等。在這個過程中孩子將會經(jīng)歷沮喪和艱難的挑戰(zhàn)。有些家庭有足夠的時間鍛煉孩子,能夠跟孩子交流,讓其認識價值觀并培養(yǎng)其熱情。價值觀,交流,熱情。詞類的轉(zhuǎn)譯 Conversion1. As the man leaned over, the driver caught his first good look at the small catlike , 司機才第一次看清那張小小的貓兒臉。? 動詞派生的名詞? 1. There has been a tremendous expansion of kindergartens in both towns and villages. 城市和農(nóng)村的幼兒園都在大量發(fā)展。? 3. My suggestion is that he should quit smoking at 。? 2. In fact, the abuse of drugs has bee one of America’s most serious social problems.? 事實上,濫用毒品已經(jīng)成為美國最為嚴(yán)重的社會問題之一。 由動詞+er構(gòu)成的名詞可轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞? 1. His father is a nonsmoker, but he is a chainsmoker.? 他父親根本不抽煙,他抽起煙來卻一根接一根。? 二. 介詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞? 1. He went to the shop for a bottle of wine. 他去小店買了一瓶酒。? 3. He came to me with a luggage. 他拿著行李向我走來。? 2. The manager is grateful to the customers for their valuable suggestions.? 經(jīng)理感謝顧客們提出的寶貴意見。四. 副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞? 1. Our holiday is three weeks away. 離我們的假期還有3個星期。Translate the following sentences:? 1. His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph.? 2. The successful fishermen of that day were already in.? 3. Difference between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their cooperation.1. 無論什么事,只要他一露面,就算成功了。3. 國與國之間不同的社會制度不應(yīng)該妨礙彼此的合作。? 1. This store features roundtheclock 。? The youths always dream fondly of their future.? 年輕人對前途總是懷有美好的夢想。? 有些英語被動句式中的動詞,可以譯成“受到(遭到)…+ 名詞”? 1. Several buildings around the square were damaged.? 廣場附近的幾幢建筑物遭到了毀壞。二: 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞? 有些英語的形容詞前加定冠詞時,其功能就相當(dāng)于名詞,譯時將其轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞。? 1. They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.? 他們盡了最大的努力幫助病號和傷員。三:副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞? 由名詞派生出來的副詞,如譯成漢語時很難找到對應(yīng)詞,而酌情將其譯成名詞。? 2. He is strong physically, but weak mentally.? 他體力很強,可智力很弱。如:? He was deeply impressed by what they did in the critical moment.? 他們在關(guān)鍵時刻的行為給他留下了深刻的印象。? The English language had changed subtly and pervasively.? 英語的變化很敏感,很普遍。? A newlyelected Senator is a power, I know that.? 一個新當(dāng)選的參議員的確是威風(fēng)十足,那我是知道的。*– 他的問題反映出他疑慮頗大。轉(zhuǎn)譯為副詞? 一、名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為副詞? They were sitting on a bank and talking of the universe.? 他們坐在河岸邊,高談闊論地談著。? When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.? 只要是一發(fā)現(xiàn)有可能反對他的人,他就本能地要用自己的魅力和幽默將這個人爭取過來。It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the President’s reasons for willing to begin a chineseAmerican dialogue. 這篇發(fā)言清清楚楚地,心平氣和地說明了總統(tǒng)希望開始中美對話的原因。2. 他們簽定了兩個協(xié)定,目的是使他們的關(guān)系熱乎起來。4. 高爾基對于受侮辱的和受損害的人有深厚的同情心。 (名詞174。(介詞174。(形容詞174。(副詞174。(介詞174。(形容詞174。(副詞174。(形容詞174。 a martial music 一首軍樂曲 “A Saxon heiress of large possessions.” replied the prior Aymer, “a rose of loveliness, a jewel of wealth, the fairest among a thousand, a bundle of myrrh(香草), and a cluster of balsams(鳳仙花).” 修道院院長艾梅回答道:“她是一個擁有一大筆家產(chǎn)的撒克遜世家的嗣女,她是一朵可愛的玫瑰花, 一顆無價的珠寶;她是一個絕色的美人,一束香草,一簇鳳仙花。而漢語動詞沒有形態(tài)變化,語法意義的實現(xiàn)由上下文、詞匯(時間詞、副詞、助詞)語調(diào)等體現(xiàn)。174。 我曾經(jīng)是一名中學(xué)老師,那時我的夢想就是當(dāng)一名大學(xué)老師。 The surgeons weren39。 那些外科醫(yī)生當(dāng)時不能肯定我的新關(guān)節(jié)可以維持多久,但他們至今還運轉(zhuǎn)良好呢。 She would spend hours dressing herself in fine clothes, and brushing her black hair. Then she would stand by the mirror and admire herself.174。174。 老頭兒說:“聽人說,他父親以前是個打魚的,他過去跟我們現(xiàn)在一樣窮。英語可直接用可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式表達模糊、不確定的數(shù)量關(guān)系,而漢語中,則需要數(shù)量詞組、副詞、名詞重疊以及帶數(shù)字的固定詞組來表達類似的意義。 Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square and then entered a huge building.174。174。 毫無疑問,對手個個都很強大。 New buildings, massive in span and artful in design, have sprung up everywhere. A ple