5語言和大腦language-and-brain-在線瀏覽
2024-09-05 05:43本頁面
【正文】 e lost, with L1 the last to remain。 plex factors) ? Conclusion: multiple language systems are neither pletely separate nor pletely fused. Ervin and Osgood suggested a threeway possibility for how languages relate in one’ s mind . ? Coordinate: parallel linguistic systems independent of one another。Languages and the brain ? Two areas in human brain ? Lateralization ? How is the brain anized for multiple languages? ? Specific Questions ? Psychological Perspectives Two Major Areas of the Human Brain ? Broca’ s area （ an area in the left frontal lobe左半腦額葉 )—— responsible for the ability to speak. ? Wernicke’ s area (a nearby area adjacent to the part of the cortex腦皮層 )—— responsible for language processing. ? Language is represented primarily in the left half of the brain within an area around the sylvian fissure (a cleavage separating lobes in the brain大腦側(cè)裂 ) ? Language activity is not localized, but core linguistic processes are typically in the left hemisphere. ? Specialization of the two halves of the brain is known as lateralization, and is present to some extent in infancy. ? There is increased specialization as the brain matures and has less plasticity（可塑性） . [note]: plasticity: According to Lenneberg, before the end of the critical period, both hemispheres are involved to some extent in language and one can take over if the other is damaged. This neurological flexibility is called brain plasticity . lateralization (腦部的偏側(cè)優(yōu)勢(shì) ) Critical Period Hypothesis(關(guān)鍵期假說 ) ——Lenneberg children had only a limited number of years to acquire their L1 flawlessly. If they suffered brain damage to the language areas, brain plasticity in childhood would allow other areas of the brain to take over the language functions of the damaged areas, but beyond a certain age, normal language would not be possible. Principal Communicative Specialization of L and R Hemisphere Left hemisphere Right hemisphere phonology nonverbal morphology Visuospatial information（視覺空間的信息） syntax intonation（語調(diào)） Function words and inflections虛詞和詞形變化 Nonliteral meaning and ambiguity（非字面意思和語義模糊） Tone system聲調(diào)系統(tǒng) Many pragmatic abilities語用能力 Much lexical knowledge Some lexical knowledge Refer to movement which may be meaningful but is nonlinguistic in nature Notes: ? Hemispheric specialization for language is the same re
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