chapter9detergencyofsurfactants-在線瀏覽
2024-08-25 18:07本頁面
【正文】 g coefficient particles SB/P=?PV ?PB ?BV 0 substrates SB/S=?SV ?SB ?BV 0 ? Additive pressure – gap capillary (間隙毛細(xì)管 ) ?P = ?LVCos?/R ? Adhesion of solid soil WSP= ?SB+ ?PB ?SP 0 (B) Potential curve DLVO theory V=VA+VR A state – adsorbed state B state – transition state C state – separating state Esoil removal energy barrier of soil removal Eresoiling energy barrier of resoiling 4. Suspension(懸浮作用 ) of the soil in the bath and prevention of redeposition (預(yù)防再沉積 ) (1) Solid particulate soil: formation of electrical and steric barrier (2) Liquid oily soil (a) Solubilization – C CMC ? Ionic surfactants C CMC (only adsorption) ? Nonionic surfactants C CMC (adsorption and solubilization) (b) Macroemulsification 5. Dry cleaning – hydrocarbon or chlorinated hydrocarbon (1) Thickness of electrical double layer is very thin (very low dielectric constant) – low electrical barrier (2) Surfactants are probably adsorbed with polar head oriented toward the substrate and soil – high steric barrier 167。 solubility in bath. (a) R?, surface activity?。 55 ?C – R16 ? Counter ion: valence number ?, Rn? ? Hardness of water ?, Rn? (b) Straight branching chains (3) Effect of the hydrophilic group of the surfactant (a) Anionics (b) Nonionics (c) Zwitterionic surfactants 3. Builders – chelation (螯合 ), buffering (緩沖 ), dispersion (分散 ) (1) Sodium tripolyphosphate (Na5P
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