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2024-08-04 19:03本頁(yè)面
【正文】 Packages and the Work Breakdown Structure, the Project Charter (or Brief), the Project Budget or Cost Plan, Earned Value and the Cost Baseline. All of these contribute to the organization39。s ability to effectively control project costs.FootnoteI am indebted to my friend Quentin Fleming, the guru of Earned Value, for checking and correcting my work on this topic.The Business Case and Application for (execution) FundingIt is important to note that project cost control is most effective when the executive management responsible has a good understanding of how projects should unfold through the project life span. This means that they exercise their responsibilities at the key decision points between the major phases. They must also recognize the importance of project risk management for identifying and planning to head off at least the most obvious potential risk events.In the project39。s sponsor.? To determine the suitability of the potential project, most organizations call for the preparation of a Business Case and its Order of Magnitude cost to justify the value of the project so that itcan be pared with all the other peting projects. This effort is conducted in the Concept Phase of the project and is done as a part of the organization39。s Development or Definition Phase? The objective of the Development Phase is to establish a good understanding of the work involved to produce the required product, estimate the cost and seek capital funding for the actual execution of the project.? In a formalized setting, especially where big projects are involved, this application for funding is often referred to as a Request for (a capital) Appropriation (RFA) or Capital Appropriation Request (CAR).? This requires the collection of more detailed requirements and data to establish what work needsto be done to produce the required product or deliverable. From this information, a plan is prepared in sufficient detail to give adequate confidence in a dollar figure to be included in the request.? In a less formalized setting, everyone just tries to muddle through.Work Packages and the WBSThe Project Management Plan, Project Brief or Project Charter? If the deliverable consists of a number of different elements, these are identified and assembled into Work Packages (WPs) and presented in the form of a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS).? Each WP involves a set of activities, the work that is planned and scheduled as a part of the Project Management Plan. Note, however, that the planning will still be at a relatively high level,and more detailed planning will be necessary during execution if the project is given the go ahead.? This Project Management Plan, by the way, should bee the bible for the execution phase of the project and is sometimes referred to as the Project Brief or the Project Charter.? The cost of doing the various activities is then estimated and these estimated costs are aggregated to determine the estimated cost of the WP. This approach is known as detailed estimating or bottom up estimating. There are other approaches to estimating that we39。s assumptions and environmental conditions to identify any weaknesses in the plan thus far, and identify those potential risk events that warrant attention for mitigation. This might take the form of specific contingency
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