工程造價專業(yè)外文文獻翻譯(中英文對照-文庫吧資料
2025-06-30 19:03本頁面
【正文】 necessary details another control tool that we can adopt for monitoring ongoing work is the Earned Value (EV) technique. This is a considerable art and science that you must learn about from texts dedicated to the subject.? But essentially, you take the costs of the schedule activities and plot them as a cumulative total on the appropriate time base. Again you can do this at the activity level, WP level or the whole project level. The lower the level the more control information you have available but the more work you get involved in.The Cost Baseline? This planned reference Scurve is sometimes referred to as the Cost Baseline, typically in EVparlance. That is, it is the Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled (BCWS), or more simply the Planned Value (PV).? Observe that you need to modify this Cost Baseline every time there is an approved scope change that has cost and/or schedule implications and consequently changes the project39。s Project Budget responsibility? Once this Approved Project Budget is released to the project manager, a reverse process must take place to convert it into a working control document. That is, the money available must be divided amongst the various WBS WPs that, by the way, have probably by now been upgraded! This results in a project execution Control Budget or Project Baseline Budget, or simply, the Project Budget. In some areas of project management application it is referred to as a Project Cost Plan.? On a large project where different corporate production divisions are involved, there may be a further intermediate step of creating Control Accounts for the separate divisions, so that each division subdivides their allocated money into their own WBS WPs.? Observe that, since the total Project Budget received formal approval from Executive Management, you, as project manager, must likewise seek and obtain from Executive Management, via the project39。s deliverables, or senior management simply has higher priorities elsewhere for the available resources and funding.The Project39。s project manager and will likely not include any of the allowances. An exception might be the contingency allowances to cover the normal variations in work performance.? The net sum thus arrived at constitutes the project manager39。s format for purposes of parison with other projects and consequent funding approval.? In practice all the data for the type of bottom up approach just described may not be available.In this case alternative estimating approaches are adopted that provide various degrees of reliability in a top down fashion. For example:Order of Magnitude estimate – a ball park estimate, usually reserved for the concept phase only Analogous estimate – an estimate based on previous similar projectsParametric estimate – an estimate based on statistical relationships in historical data? Whichever approach is adopted, hopefully the sum thus arrived at will be approved in full and proves to be satisfactory! This is the trigger to start the Execution Phase of the projectNote: Some managements will approve some lesser sum in the mistaken belief that this will help everyone to sharpen their pencils and work smarter for the benefit of the organization. This is a mistaken belief because management has failed to understand the nature of uncertainty and risk in
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