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performed by the client and contractor craftsmen? No, other than the different levels of Turnaround work vs. Daily work performed as noted in the previous table. Both groups are capable of doing any job with roughly equal levels of quality. ? Is there any difference in efficiency between the two groups of Craftsmen? The candidate would at this point be asked how they would measure this. After reaching an understanding of the difficulty involved in measuring the efficiency of a workforce (especially a unionized workforce), the candidate would be told that through a series of interviews with maintenance supervisors, there is a consensus that contractor Craftsmen are roughly twice as productive as client craftsmen. This is a critical point in the case. The candidate must recognize that in the present environment the client is largely indifferent about units of labor. You can have a client worker who is half as efficient or a contractor worker who is twice as expensive. The key now is to determine if there are ways to create an opportunity where the client would no longer be indifferent. ? What is causing the inefficiencies associated with the client’s labor? Again, the candidate would be encouraged to offer their own ideas. After some discussion the candidate would be told that many of the Maintenance Supervisors plain endlessly about restrictions placed on them by the existing union labor contract and the tightness of craft designations. The interviewer would probe to ensure the candidate understands why the present craft designation create the inefficiencies. Essentially work is too finely divided. It makes planning and supervision extremely cumbersome. As an example, if one of six crafts required to perform a job is absent or late, the entire job must shut down, as craft designations are not allowed to support other craft designations. ? Is it possible to change the existing union contract? The present labor contract is a three year contract that is due to be renegotiated/renewed in six months. ? Will the union resist changes to the existing contract? Indeed!! At this point, the candidate should recognize a major (al