【正文】 .(VI)John 44.45.46.47.在沉淪之中，亞當發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己身上的人性。Milton held that God created all things out of Himself, including ，其中也包括罪惡。It opens the way for the voluntary sacrifice of Christ which showed the mercy of God in bringing good out of ，這也顯示出上帝欲將人類從罪惡與苦難中拯救出來的同情心。In Samson Agonistes, the whole poem strongly suggests Milton’s passionate longing that he too could bring destruction down upon the enemy at the cost of his own ，整首詩都強烈暗示著彌爾頓渴望他自己也能像參孫一樣，以生命為代價，與敵人同歸于盡。In his life, Milton shows himself a real revolutionary, a master poet and a great prose 。aradise Lost:人類由于理性不強，意志薄弱，經(jīng)不起考驗，暗示英國自產(chǎn)主義革命失敗的原因。In short, it was an age full of conflicts and divergence of ，這一時期是矛盾與價值觀分歧的時期。The eighteenthcentury England is also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of ，或曰理性時代。Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic 。Enlighteners held that rationality or reason should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and activities. They called for a reference to order, reason and 。5.6.7.8.9.10.11. the three unities of time, space and action should be strictly observed。12.13.14.15.16.17.18.(I)John 19.20.21.The Vanity （節(jié)選《天路歷程》第一部）The Pilgrim’s Progress is the most successful religious allegory in the English king1970uage. Its purpose is to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils.《天路歷程》是英文作品中最成功的宗教寓言。(II)Alexander 23.24.這種對秩序與理性的強調(diào)深入到了他各部作品中。ope made his name as a great poet with the publication of An Essay on Criticism in 1711. The next year, he published The Rape of the Lock, a finest mock ，他出版了散文《論批評》，從此奠定了他在詩壇的地位。26.27.(III)Daniel Defoe丹尼爾.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.在此，魯賓遜是真正的英雄：一個典型的英國十八世紀中產(chǎn)階級人士。In 1704 he published two powerful satires on corruption in religion and learning, A Tale of a Tub and The Battle of the Books, which established his name as a ，他針對宗教和學術(shù)界的腐敗出版了兩篇犀利的諷刺小品，一為《桶的故事》，一為《書籍的戰(zhàn)斗》。37.38.39.40.41.42.無論是散文，詩歌，還是小說，簡潔，具體，精確，沒有復(fù)雜的句式永遠是他的寫作風格。Swift’s chief works are: A Tale of a Tub and The Battle of the Books, The Drapier’s Letters(noterapier=Swift, alias), Gulliver’s Travels and A Modest 《桶的故事》，《書籍的戰(zhàn)斗》，《德拉皮爾的信》，《格列佛游記》和《一個溫和的建議》。Gulliver’s Travels: Jonathan’s best fictional work, the book contains four parts. Its social significance is great and its exploration into human nature profound.《格列佛游記》：是斯威夫特最精彩的一部小說，全書分為四卷，它具有重大的社會意義，同時對人性的探索與揭示也是深刻的。During his career as a dramatist, Fielding had attempted a considerable number of forms of ，費爾丁曾嘗試過許多不同的戲劇模式。Of all his plays, the best known are The CoffeeHouse Politician, The Tragedy of Tragedies, Pasquin, and The Historical Register for the Year 《咖啡屋的政治家》，《悲劇中的悲劇》，《巴斯昆》，《1736歷史年鑒》。a“ic epic in prose,”whose subject is“the true ridiculous”in human nature.“散文體喜劇史詩”，主題是人類本性中的荒唐，對人性進行了真實的諷刺。The dominating qualities of the novel are its excellent characterportrayal, timely entrances and exits, robustness of tone and hilarious, hearty ，及時的出場退場，筆調(diào)的遒勁及令人會心的幽默?！癟he Great Man, properly considered, is no better than a great gangster”The History of Jonathan Wild the Great從某種意義上說，偉大的人物無異于“偉大”的匪徒《偉大的喬納森懷爾德》。The History of Tom Jones is a masterpiece on the subject of human 《：一個棄兒的故事》主題是對人性的諷刺。the purpose of the novel was not just to amuse, but to instruct, the object of novel was to present a faithful picture of life, “the just copies of human manners,” with sound teaching woven into their texture, so as to teach men to know themselves, their properspheres and appropriate manners.，小說不僅供娛樂，而且更有教育意義，他的小說的主旨是要真實地展示生活，使之成為“人類態(tài)度的完整拷貝”，并將說教巧妙的引入作品，教導人們認識自己，尋求適宜的人生態(tài)度。Fielding has been regarded by some as“Father of the English novel,”for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern “英國小說之父”，因為他為現(xiàn)代小說模式的創(chuàng)立作出很大貢獻。he was the first to set out , both in theory and practice, to write specifically a“ic epic in prose,”the first to give the modern novel its structure and “散文體喜劇史詩”，并第一個為現(xiàn)代小說確立了結(jié)構(gòu)和風格。He“thinks the thought”of all his characters, so he is able to present not only their external behaviors but also the internal workings of their “想”，因此不僅可以表述人物的外在行為，還可深入刻畫其內(nèi)心的思想活動。Fielding‘s king1970uage is easy, unlaboured and familiar, but extremely vivid and vigorous. His sentences are always distinguished by logic and rhythm, and his structure carefully planed toward an inevitable ，通俗易懂，同時又栩栩如生并富有活力，他的句子以邏輯性和韻律性見長，小說結(jié)尾總是水到渠成，順理成章。Tom Jones, the novel consists of 18 books. Tom, the titular hero of the story, he became a national hero, hehonest, kindhearted, highspirited, loyal, and brave, but impulsive, wanting prudence and full of animal spirits.《》共18卷，湯姆曾一度成為全國人民心中的英雄，他誠實，善良，高尚，忠誠，勇敢，同時也有著易沖動，魯莽和野性難馴的缺點。Tom Jones brings its author the name of the“Prose Home.”The panoramic view it provides of the 18thcentury English country.《》為費爾丁贏得了“散文荷馬”的盛名，小說為讀者提供了一幅英國18世紀鄉(xiāng)村與城市的宏偉的全景圖。The years between 1737 and 1755, he did translations, wrote poems, essays and so :他做過翻譯,寫過詩,為書商編書,編輯雜志。In his famous Literary Club, where he was surrounded with respect by the elite of the literary ，周圍圍滿了敬仰他的文學精英。Johnson was an energetic and versatile writer. He had a hand in all the different branches of literary ，多才多藝，他還涉足各種各樣的文學領(lǐng)域。His chief works include pomes:“London”, and“The Vanity of Human Wishes”。 a tragedy: ：《倫敦》，《人類欲望的虛幻》騎士浪漫詩：《拉塞拉斯的歷史》，《阿比西尼亞王子》；一部悲?。骸栋铡?。As a lexicographer, Johnson distinguished himself as the author of the first English dictionary by an EnglishmanA Dictionary of the English king1970uage, a gigantic task which Johnson undertook singlehandedly and finished in over seven ，約翰遜是編撰英文詞典的第一個英國人，作品為《英文大詞典》。Johnson was the last great neoclassicist enlightener in the later eighteenth century. He was very much concer